Pulmonologists - Tuberculosis specialists in Attica

Dotis Georgios is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist with private clinics in Kallithea and Mavili Square. The physician provides services for the diagnosis and treatment of lung tumors, smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy, prevention of relapses, and management of withdrawal symptoms caused by nicotine dependence and smoking cessation, respiratory infections (acute and chronic bronchitis, chronic cough, pneumonias), sleep apnea syndrome, pleural effusions, and chronic respiratory pulmonary disease (spirometry - oximetry, diagnosis, and treatment). In his fully equipped clinics, he manages a wide range of cases, understanding the specific needs of each patient.

Prapa Athina is a Military Physician - Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Pangrati. She graduated from the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the Military Officers School of Corps (SSAS). She holds certifications in Advanced Trauma Life Support, Advanced Life Support, and is currently pursuing postgraduate studies in Sleep Medicine at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She specialized at the General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases "Sotiria" and the University General Hospital "Attikon." She has clinical experience and serves as Consultant of the Pulmonology Clinic at the Naval Hospital of Athens. In her practice, she thoroughly manages conditions within her specialty, such as respiratory allergy, asthma, and COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Dr. Skopas Vlasios, MD, MSc, is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist, serving as the Deputy Director of the 3rd Pulmonology Clinic at the "Errikos Dynan" Hospital Center, with capabilities for outpatient visits and inpatient care there. He also maintains private practices in Melissia and Marousi, Attica, specializing in the investigation and management of cough, fever, respiratory infections, dyspnea, chest pain, asthma, COPD, and interstitial lung diseases. He provides respiratory function testing services, including spirometry, oximetry, thoracic ultrasound, and exhaled FeNO measurement. He holds numerous certifications, such as ERS certification in pediatric asthma, ERS certification in Thoracic Ultrasound, ERS certification in Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS), as well as course training in peripheral bronchoscopy. Additionally, he holds a Master’s degree in "Exercise, Ergospirrometry, and Rehabilitation" from the University of Thessaly with excellent performance and specialized expertise in exercise and rehabilitation of patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. He has multiple international publications with active participation in international conferences. Finally, Dr. Vlasios is a member of the European Respiratory Society and the Hellenic Thoracic Society.

Aggeletopoulou Xrysi is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist, Pulmonology Director at the Athens Medical Center - Palaio Faliro Clinic, with a private practice in Palaio Faliro. She graduated from the Medical School of the University of Crete and trained in Pulmonology - Tuberculosis at the General Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens "Sotiria." Additionally, Dr. Aggeletopoulou has extensive experience in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the full spectrum of pulmonary diseases. As Pulmonology Director at the Athens Medical Center - Palaio Faliro Clinic, she has performed a large number of diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopies as well as multiparametric sleep studies. In her private practice, in addition to clinical examination, she conducts full spirometric testing, oximetry, and assists patients in smoking cessation through a specialized program. Finally, Dr. Aggeletopoulou is a member of the European Respiratory Society and the Hellenic Pulmonology Society.

Η Δρ. Σοφιάννα (Σοφία Αντιόπη) Γεννηματά είναι Πνευμονολόγος - Φυματιολόγος - Εντατικολόγος, απόφοιτη της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών με βαθμό "Λίαν Καλώς". Ολοκλήρωσε τη διδακτορική της διατριβή στο Εργαστήριο Λειτουργικού Ελέγχου της Α’ Πανεπιστημιακής Πνευμονολογικής Κλινικής του Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών "Σωτηρία" με βαθμό "Άριστα".

Ειδικεύθηκε στην Πνευμονολογία στην Α’ Πανεπιστημιακή Πνευμονολογική Κλινική του Νοσοκομείου "Σωτηρία", ενώ στο πλαίσιο της εκπαίδευσής της εργάστηκε για ένα έτος στην Παθολογική Κλινική του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Αθηνών "Ευαγγελισμός" και εκπαιδεύτηκε στη Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας της ίδιας κλινικής. Κατά τη διάρκεια της ειδικότητας απέκτησε σημαντική εμπειρία στη διενέργεια βρογχοσκοπήσεων και στον λειτουργικό έλεγχο της αναπνοής.

Το 2013 απέκτησε τον τίτλο ειδικότητας Πνευμονολόγου - Φυματιολόγου και εργάστηκε ως Επιμελήτρια στην κλινική, ενώ παράλληλα συμμετείχε ως πανεπιστημιακή υπότροφος σε ερευνητικά πρωτόκολλα και κλινικές μελέτες.

Το 2018 ολοκλήρωσε την εξειδίκευση στην Εντατικολογία στην Πανεπιστημιακή Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας του Γενικού και Ογκολογικού Νοσοκομείου Κηφισιάς "Οι Άγιοι Ανάργυροι".

Σήμερα εργάζεται ως Επιμελήτρια στη Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας του Ιατρικού Κέντρου Αθηνών στο Μαρούσι, με εμπειρία στη διαχείριση βαρέως πασχόντων ασθενών και σύνθετων παθολογικών και χειρουργικών περιστατικών, όπως αναπνευστική ανεπάρκεια, λοιμώξεις, σηπτική καταπληξία και καρδιαγγειακά επεισόδια. Παράλληλα συμμετέχει στην ομάδα αντιμετώπισης ανακοπής του νοσοκομείου.

Έχει συμμετάσχει στη διδασκαλία της Φυσιολογίας του Αναπνευστικού στην Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών σε φοιτητές Ιατρικής, Νοσηλευτικής και Φαρμακευτικής, καθώς και σε μεταπτυχιακά κλινικά φροντιστήρια στον λειτουργικό έλεγχο της αναπνοής (σπιρομέτρηση, στατικοί όγκοι, διαχυτική ικανότητα).

Έχει δημοσιεύσεις σε ελληνικά και διεθνή επιστημονικά περιοδικά και συμμετοχές με ανακοινώσεις σε ελληνικά και διεθνή συνέδρια.

Η ιατρική προσέγγιση βασίζεται στην εξατομικευμένη αξιολόγηση του ασθενούς, στη σύγχρονη επιστημονική γνώση και στην πλήρη ενημέρωση του ασθενούς για τη διάγνωση και τις θεραπευτικές επιλογές.

Tziralidis Emmanouil is an honors graduate of the Medical and Surgical School of the University of Bologna. During his specialization, he trained and worked at the 5th Pulmonology Clinic of Sotiria Hospital, in the intensive care unit, and in the internal medicine clinic at Evangelismos Hospital. He obtained his specialty in Pulmonology and Phthisiology in 2002. Subsequently, he worked in the Oncology Clinic of Iaso General Hospital and the internal medicine clinic of "Athenaion" and maintains a private practice in Nea Irakleio. In his pulmonology clinic, he manages the monitoring and treatment of sleep disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders, cough, allergic post-infectious bronchial asthma or chronic asthma in children and adults, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic respiratory failure and oxygen therapy management, lung cancer, diagnosis of lung cancer, lung cancer treatment, bronchoscopy, respiratory infections, pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, and other related conditions. Finally, Mr. Tziralidis is an Associate Physician at Metropolitan General Hospital and Sotiria Hospital.

 Papapetrou Dimosthenis is a Pulmonologist - Phthisiologist and maintains a private practice in Pefki. He was born in 1978 in Athens and is a graduate of the German School of Athens (Deutsche Schule Athen) (1996). He was admitted to the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens through nationwide examinations, graduating in 2005 (MD). He also holds a Master of Science (MSc) degree from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) in Thoracic Oncology (2015). He completed his mandatory rural service at the Regional Clinic of Foinikas, performing on-call duties as the head of the Surgical Department at the General Hospital of Syros (2006-2008). He specialized in Pulmonology-Phthisiology at the General Hospital of Thoracic Diseases of Athens ‘Sotiria’ from 2009 to 2014, when he obtained his specialty certification. He has been a Pulmonologist Associate at the Athens Medical Group - Palaiou Faliro Clinic since 2014, as well as the Scientific Lead Pulmonologist at the ‘Iatrokosmos’ Polyclinic since 2015. He has served as the lead physician in the Streetwork department of the Reception & Solidarity Center of the Municipality of Athens (KYADA) since 2022. Since 2010, he has participated as a researcher (Principal Investigator & Study Coordinator) in numerous international, multicenter Phase II, III, and IV clinical studies on bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He has participated as Principal Investigator and Sub-Investigator at the Clinical Study Center of 'Iatriko Palaiou Falirou' since 2016. Finally, he is a member of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the asthma group of the Hellenic Respiratory Society (HRS), with contributions to oral and poster presentations at international and Greek conferences, and is certified by the National Organization for the Provision of Health Services (EOPYY) for electronic prescribing.

Stratis Andreas is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Vari. He holds a medical degree from Plovdiv University in Bulgaria and specialized in Pulmonology at the Intensive Care Unit and the State Pathology Clinic of the General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens "Sotiria." He has specialized in Sleep Studies, serves as the Director of the Intensive Care Unit at the General Clinic of Western Attica "Vougiouklakeio," and has formerly been the Director of the Intensive Care Unit and the High Dependency Unit at the Iasis Therapeutic Center and the "Timios Stavros" Clinic. Additionally, he has worked as a specialized Intensivist in the Intensive Care Unit of the General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens "Sotiria" and as an Assistant Pulmonologist at the General Hospital of Mytilene. Lastly, the doctor has participated in numerous Greek and international conferences as part of his continuous professional development.

Goulas Panagiotis is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Glyka Nera. He holds a medical degree and a Master's degree in Emergency Pre-Hospital Medicine. He obtained his pulmonology specialization at the 12th Pulmonology Clinic of the Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens "Sotiria" and has subsequently worked at the same hospital in the Intensive Care & High Dependency Unit and the Respiratory Failure Center. To date, he serves as a Specialist Pulmonologist - Consultant of the Pulmonology Department at the private hospital "Neo Athinaion," as well as an external collaborator of the Pulmonology Department of the Athens Medical Center at the Psychiko Clinic. Aiming for continuous education in his field of expertise, he has participated in numerous conferences and postgraduate seminars. In his private practice, he provides specialized services tailored to the individual needs of his patients.

Papadopoulou Amalia is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Nea Ionia. She graduated from the Medical School of the University of Ioannina and specialized in Pulmonology at the First Pulmonology Clinic of the General Hospital of Attica "Sismanoglio," where she trained in the Intensive Care Unit, the Cardiology Clinic, and the Sleep Study Unit. She served for 2 years as an Assistant Consultant at the Second University Pulmonology Clinic of the University General Hospital "Attikon." Additionally, she worked as an Assistant Consultant at the regular pulmonology clinic of the General State Hospital of Nikaia for 2 years, where she gained experience in the asthma clinic, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diffusion studies, and smoking cessation clinic follow-up. In her private practice, she offers a wide range of services, tailored to the individual needs of each patient.

Dr. Kokkotou Eleni is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist, holding a PhD from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and operates a private practice in Neo Faliro. Additionally, she holds a postgraduate degree in Thoracic Oncology from NKUA. She has extensive clinical experience, serves as a consultant at the private Metropolitan Hospital, and has previously collaborated with the Oncology Unit of the General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens "Sotiria." Her expertise includes lung cancer, asthma, COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and respiratory infections.

Patentalakis Georgios is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Paiania. He is a graduate of the Medical School of Democritus University of Thrace. His doctoral thesis focused on the overlap syndrome of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and asthma, and he has experience in interventional pulmonology (bronchoscopies), sleep studies, and respiratory function testing (spirometry). Dr. Patentalakis completed his specialization at the 1st University Pulmonology Clinic of the General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases of Athens "Sotiria" and has served as an attending physician at the Therapeutic Center of Athens "White Cross," while also working at the Smoking Cessation Clinic of the Evgenidio Hospital. Furthermore, he has published numerous research papers in conferences and journals both in Greece and internationally. His private practice offers a wide range of services, including respiratory function testing (spirometry), among others.

Pesiridou Eutyxia is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Nea Smyrni. She holds a degree from the Medical School of the University of Padua, Italy, with a specialization in Pulmonology - Tuberculosis. She has gained extensive professional experience as a resident in the 6th Pulmonology Clinic at the General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases of Athens "Sotiria", as well as in the Outpatient Clinics of the Internal Medicine, Surgical, and Cardiology Departments, and the respective Emergency Clinics at the General Prefectural Hospital of Kalamata. Additionally, she has received professional training in "Mass Health Loss Management" at the General Hospital of Attica KAT, as well as in "Emergency Prehospital Care and Emergency Department" at the General Hospital of Nikaia. Finally, to date, she continuously attends postgraduate seminars and participates in conferences to further enrich her knowledge in her field of specialization.

Ntaouli Ourania is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Ampelokipoi. She holds a medical degree from the Democritus University of Thrace Medical School. She completed her postgraduate studies in "Thoracic Oncology: Contemporary Clinical and Laboratory Approach and Research" at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She trained as a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist at the Pulmonology Clinic of the Military Fund Hospital (NIMTS), and subsequently completed her advanced training in Thoracic Ultrasound and Medical Thoracoscopy at BARTS and UCLH hospitals respectively in the United Kingdom. In her private practice, she manages a wide range of cases, guided by her scientific expertise and supported by her excellent professionalism.

Ksypolytos Antonis is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Neos Kosmos. He graduated from the Medical School of the University of Patras and specialized in Pulmonology at the 1st Pulmonology Clinic of the General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases "Sotiria," including rotations at the 1st Internal Medicine Clinic - Special Infectious Diseases Unit at the General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas" and the ICU of the General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases "Sotiria." Furthermore, he serves as a Pulmonologist Consultant at the Pulmonology Clinic of the Athens Medical Center. Additionally, he has worked as a Pulmonology Consultant at the Hygeia Hospital and as an associate at the Mitera Hospital from 2010 to 2021. He has also worked at the 9th Pulmonology Clinic of the General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases of Athens "SOTIRIA" and as a B Consultant in 2022, and subsequently in 2023 at Iaso Hospital, as a Consultant in the Pulmonology Clinic. He has attended numerous postgraduate seminars and has participated in similar scientific conferences in Greece and abroad. He is a member of the Hellenic Respiratory Society. Finally, his expertise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Respiratory Infections, and Asthma should not be overlooked.

Nikolaou Aristeidis is a Pulmonologist with a private practice in Agios Dimitrios. He graduated from the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and in 2011 completed a postgraduate program at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens focusing on International Medicine and Health Crisis Management. He has served as a scientific collaborator in the Oncology Department of the General Hospital for Chest Diseases of Athens "Sotiria" and has collaborated with the "Metropolitan" Hospital and the "Hygeia Melathron - TYPET," while currently working in the Medical Department of the pharmaceutical company "AstraZeneca." In his private practice, a patient-friendly environment that inspires trust and safety, he manages cases across the entire spectrum of Pulmonology, with particular expertise in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of lung malignancies. Additionally, patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, bronchial asthma, and respiratory infections receive comprehensive information and evidence-based management and treatment regarding their condition. Finally, he is a member of the European Respiratory Society and the Hellenic Respiratory Society.

Η Λαμπρινή Βλάσση είναι Πνευμονολόγος - Φυματιολόγος και διατηρεί ιδιωτικό ιατρείο στα Κάτω Πατήσια. Αποφοίτησε από την Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Είναι κάτοχος τίτλου μεταπτυχιακών σπουδών (MSc), αφού το 2023 ολοκλήρωσε το Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών «Διαταραχές της αναπνοής στον ύπνο – Εργαστηριακή και κλινική ιατρική του ύπνου» στο Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών. Επίσης, είναι Υποψήφια κάτοχος διδακτορικού διπλώματος της Ιατρικής σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, με θέμα «Οι ανοσοτροποποιητικές και κλινικές επιδράσεις της θεραπείας με μονοκλωνικά αντισώματα έναντι της IL-5 (mepolizumab) και του υποδοχέα της IL-5 (benralizumab) στην ανώτερη και κατώτερη αναπνευστική οδό, σε ασθενείς με σοβαρό ηωσινoφιλικό άσθμα και ρινικούς πολύποδες». Αφού ολοκλήρωσε την υποχρεωτική υπηρεσία υπαίθρου ως αγροτικός ιατρός στο ΠΙ Βαλτεσίνικου του ΚΥ Δημητσάνας, πραγματοποίησε την ειδικότητά της στην Πνευμονολογία - Φυματιολογία στην 10η Πνευμονολογική Κλινική και στην 7η Πνευμονολογική Κλινική, αλλά και Κέντρο Άσθματος του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ». Εκεί, εξειδικεύθηκε στη διάγνωση και την αντιμετώπιση πολυάριθμων παθήσεων του αναπνευστικού συστήματος, καθώς και στην διενέργεια ικανού αριθμού απλών και EBUS βρογχοσκοπήσεων. Κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας Covid19 αντιμετώπισε μεγάλο όγκο περιστατικών με λοίμωξη από τον ιό SARS-CoV2, τόσο νοσηλευόμενους, όσο και POST-Covid ασθενείς. Στα πλαίσια της ειδικότητάς της έλαβε εξάμηνη εκπαίδευση στην Εντατικολογία στις ΜΕΘ της Α’ Πανεπιστημιακής Πνευμονολογικής Κλινικής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών καθώς και του 251ου Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Αεροπορίας. Επιπλέον, ολοκλήρωσε 14μηνη εκπαίδευση στην Παθολογία στην Κρατική Παθολογική Κλινική του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ», ενώ ασκήθηκε και στην Θωρακοχειρουργική Κλινική του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ», όπου εκπαιδεύτηκε στην παροχέτευση υπεζωκοτικών συλλογών και την τοποθέτηση θωρακικών σωλήνων παροχέτευσης και συμμετείχε στα Τακτικά Εξωτερικά Ιατρεία και στις θωρακοχειρουργικές επεμβάσεις και εκτιμήσεις. Μετά τη λήψη του τίτλου ειδικότητας συνέχισε να εργάζεται με παράταση σύμβασης ειδικότητας ως Πνευμονολόγος – Φυματιολόγος στην 7η Πνευμονολογική Κλινική του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ» μέχρι τον Μάρτιο του 2022, όταν και ξεκίνησε να εργάζεται ως Επικουρική Επιμελήτρια Β’ στην ίδια κλινική. Από τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2023 η ιατρός διατηρεί το ιδιωτικό της ιατρείο στο οποίο προσφέρονται εξατομικευμένες υπηρεσίες διάγνωσης και αντιμετώπισης ευρέος φάσματος αναπνευστικών παθήσεων βάσει των οδηγιών της σύγχρονης πνευμονολογίας. Πραγματοποιούνται και συνεδρίες για διακοπή καπνίσματος, καθώς η ιατρός είναι πιστοποιημένη από την Ελληνική Πνευμονολογική Εταιρεία στις μεθόδους Διακοπής Καπνίσματος. Η ιατρός είναι ενεργή συνεργάτης του Ιδιωτικού νοσοκομείου "ΥΓΕΙΑ" από το 2023, ενώ από τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2025 εργάζεται ως επιστημονικά υπεύθυνη πνευμονολόγος στο ιδιωτικό διαγνωστικό εργαστήριο "ΚΟΣΜΟΪΑΤΡΙΚΗ". Τέλος, η ιατρός έχει δημοσιεύσεις σε διεθνή επιστημονικά περιοδικά και ήταν ενεργό μέλος σε επιστημονικές εργασίες και RCTs ως sub-investigator, ενώ στα πλαίσια συνεχούς κατάρτισης έλαβε και συνεχίζει να λαμβάνει μέρος ως ομιλήτρια και σχολιάστρια σε διάφορα εθνικά και διεθνή συνέδρια. Είναι επίσης μέλος της Ελληνικής και της Ευρωπαϊκής Πνευμονολογικής Εταιρείας, ενώ ασχολείται ενεργά με τον εθελοντισμό αφού συμμετέχει με ομάδα ιατρών της Ελληνικής Πνευμονολογικής Εταιρείας στον ετήσιο Διάπλου της Ομάδας Αιγαίου σε ακριτικά νησιά του Αιγαίου Πελάγους προσφέροντας ιατρικές υπηρεσίες σε ασθενείς με αναπνευστικά προβλήματα.

Petsinis Georgios is a Pulmonologist - Phthisiologist who maintains a private practice in Marousi. In parallel, he serves as a Scientific Collaborator at the Oncology Clinic of the Athens Medical Center. He holds a Medical Degree from the University of Patras and completed postgraduate studies in Thoracic Oncology (M.Sc) at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He specialized at the First Pulmonology Clinic of G.N. Sismanoglio, where he also served as an Assistant Pulmonology - Phthisiology Consultant. He has extensive clinical experience and has participated in the safety teams of EKEPY (National Health Operations Center). Finally, he has presented numerous scientific papers at conferences in Greece and abroad.

Elena Xrysikopoulou is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and Pediatric Pulmonology Specialist with private practices in Exarchia, Metamorfosi, and Ano Liosia. She graduated from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and has extensive experience in Pulmonology. Dr. Xrysikopoulou possesses significant expertise in the Intensive Care Unit and specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of all respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, respiratory infections, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, sleep apnea syndrome). Additionally, the practice offers a wide range of examinations, including sleep studies, smoking cessation, spirometry, oximetry, blood gases analysis, and bronchoscopy.