Orthopaedic - Orthopaedic Surgeons including treatment for children under 12 years near Nea Chalkidona

Flevarakis Georgios is an Orthopedic Surgeon and maintains private practices in Voula, Cholargos within Metropolitan General, and in Neos Kosmos within Athenian Lab & Medicine. He graduated from the Medical School of the University of Patras, where he was admitted following nationwide examinations. His initial exposure to Orthopedic specialization was at the Orthopedic Clinic of the Naval Hospital of Athens (2006-2008). From 2008 to 2011, he served in the Orthopedic Oncology Department of the Anticancer-Oncology Hospital "Agios Savvas". In 2011, he continued his specialization in the Shoulder Surgery Department of the General Hospital Asklipieio Voula. In 2014, after completing his specialization, he obtained the title of Orthopedic Surgeon following examinations. From 2014 to 2016, he held a salaried position (Clinical Shoulder and Elbow Fellow) in the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Department of the University Hospital of Liverpool, one of the largest referral centers in the United Kingdom. Since returning to Greece in 2016, he maintains his private practice in Voula and also works at the private hospital Metropolitan General as a consultant in the 3rd Orthopedic Clinic - Minimally Invasive Surgery.

Tsintzos Xaris is an Orthopedic Surgeon - Traumatologist who maintains a private practice in the square of Nea Smyrni and simultaneously serves as an Attending Physician at the Athens Bioclinic. He studied at the Semmelweis University of Medicine (English-speaking program) in Budapest, Hungary, and subsequently, after examinations, received certification and equivalency from DIKATSA with a grade of "Very Good." He specialized in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology at the 6th Orthopedic Clinic of the KAT Hospital in Athens and obtained the title of Orthopedic and Traumatology Specialist following successful written and oral examinations in July 2007. He served as an Auxiliary Orthopedic Attending Physician at the KAT Hospital in Athens for three annual terms, spending one year in the Special Sports Injury Department and the remaining years in the 6th Orthopedic Clinic. Additionally, he specialized in the management of polytrauma patients using the specialized Ilizarov technique, in Sports Injuries, and in reconstructive surgery of the hip, knee, and foot. Finally, his portfolio includes significant teaching contributions at universities and other schools, as well as numerous scientific publications.

Maria Xoumanidi is an Orthopedic Surgeon with a private practice in Elliniko. She holds a degree from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She has completed a postgraduate program in "Metabolic Bone Diseases" at the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, as well as a postgraduate program in "Applied Biomechanics and Biomaterials in Orthopedics" at the Medical School of the same institution. She specialized in Orthopedic Surgery initially at the General Panarcadian Hospital of Tripoli and subsequently at the General Hospital "Asklipieio" of Voula. In 2019, she worked as an Orthopedic Surgeon at the Municipal Clinic of Kypseli and currently serves as an Attending Orthopedic Surgeon at Metropolitan Hospital. Additionally, Dr. Xoumanidi has participated in numerous conferences and seminars and is a member of the Piraeus Medical Association and the Hellenic Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology.

Masount Mamoun is an Orthopedic Surgeon with private practices in Ambelokipi (Gkyzi area) and Nafplio (Head of the Orthopedic Department at IASIS Polyclinic - Argolida).

He is a graduate of the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and holds a postgraduate diploma in metabolic bone diseases from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

He has obtained a specialty title in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology from the 3rd University Orthopedic Clinic of the General Hospital of Attica KAT. He is specialized in arthroplasty, arthroscopy, traumatology, sports injuries, and surgery of major joints, as well as in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and fracture healing.

In his private clinic, he manages conditions across the entire spectrum of orthopedics, with a special interest and experience in pediatric orthopedics.

Additionally, he serves as a Scientific Collaborator and surgeon at Metropolitan Hospital, Medical Center Athens Group, and Hospitality Clinic Athens.

Finally, through his participation in numerous seminars, workshops, and conferences, he continually updates himself on advancements in his field to provide specialized services tailored to his patients' individual needs. He is also a member of the Hellenic Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology and the Hellenic Osteoporosis Foundation.

Ο Γεωργίου Λοΐζος είναι Ορθοπαιδικός Χειρουργός – Τραυματολόγος με ιατρείο στις Αχαρνές.. Είναι εξωτερικός συνεργάτης κλινικών, όπως Γενική Κλινική ΙΑΣΩ, Ευρωκλινική, Ερρίκος Ντυνάν, Κεντρική Κλινική Αθηνών, Αθηναϊκή Mediclinic και Doctors’ Hospital. Ολοκλήρωσε τις σπουδές του αποφοιτώντας με Άριστα (9.84/10) από την Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου ΄΄CAROL DAVILA΄΄, Βουκουρέστι. Ο ιατρός εκπαιδεύτηκε σε μεγάλα νοσοκομεία, όπως ΚΑΤ, Νοσοκομείο Παίδων "Αγία Σοφία", Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Λευκωσίας, Νοσοκομείο ΄΄Παμμακάριστος΄΄, Νοσοκομείο Σύρου, Νοσοκομείο Σαντορίνης αποκτώντας μεγάλη εμπειρία σε ορθοπαιδικές χειρουργικές επεμβάσεις όλου του φάσματος της ειδικότητας, καθώς και σε συντηρητικές μεθόδους αποθεραπείας. Παράλληλα, η επιστημονική του κατάρτιση εμπλουτίστηκε με την συμμετοχή του στα Τμήματα Νευροχειρουργικής - Σπονδυλικής Στήλης, Πλαστικής Χειρουργικής και Μικροχειρουργικής - Παθήσεων Άνω Άκρου. Έχει εργαστεί ως επιμελητής στο Ιατρικό Κέντρο Αθηνών (Κλινική Αμαρουσίου), ΙΑΣΩ Γενική Κλινική, καθώς και στην Ορθοπαιδική Κλινική του Γενικού Κρατικού ΝίκαιαςΠειραιά. Είναι κάτοχος τίτλων, όπως του ATLS (ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT), BLS (BASIC LIFE SUPPORT) και της U/S Hip Graaf Method. Ενώ, παράλληλα, είναι μέλος της Ευρωπαϊκής Αθλητιατρικής Εταιρείας, της Ευρωπαϊκής Αρθροσκοπικής Εταιρείας, της AO TRAUMA Foundation, του Ελληνικού Ιδρύματος Οστεοπόρωσης, του Ιατρικού Συλλόγου Αθηνών και του Παγκύπριου Ιατρικού Συλλόγου. Επίσης, συμβάλλει στην σύσταση ιατρικού ερευνητικού υλικού σε ιατρικά περιοδικά, όπως το Cureus. Επιπλέον, έχει διατελέσει ιατρός αθλητικών σωματείων, όπως της Ομόνοιας Λευκωσίας, της ΑΕΚ Λάρνακας, του Ευρωπαϊκού Πανεπιστημίου Λευκωσίας σε τμήματα ποδοσφαίρου, μπάσκετ, βόλεϊ, καθώς επίσης, έχει συνεργαστεί ως βοηθός ιατρικού επιτελείου στην DINAMO FC Βουκουρεστίου με τον Dr. Liviu Batineanu. Ακόμα, ήταν υπεύθυνος ιατρός σε Ακαδημίες Ποδοσφαίρου Αχαρνών Ταύρου. Συμμετέχει σε συνέδρια, σεμινάρια και ημερίδες της ειδικότητάς του και όχι μόνο. Ενημερώνεται διαρκώς για τα τελευταία νέα με στόχο τη συνεχόμενη εκπαίδευση, καθώς και τις καλύτερες δυνατές υπηρεσίες προς τους ασθενείς. Προτεραιότητά του είναι ο σεβασμός στον ασθενή και η αποτελεσματική αντιμετώπιση των ορθοπαιδικών παθήσεων άμεσα και υπεύθυνα. Τέλος, διαθέτει μεγάλη εμπειρία σε αρθροσκοπήσεις, αρθροπλαστικές και στην τραυματολογία αρθρώσεων ώμου, γόνατος, ισχίου και ποδοκνημικής. Ταυτόχρονα, στο ιατρείο του παρακολουθούνται και περιστατικά που αντιμετωπίζονται συντηρητικά.

Vottis Xristos MD, PhD is an Orthopedic Surgeon with private practices in Ilisia and Neo Psychiko. He holds a doctorate and a degree from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and trained for several years at the 1st Orthopedic Clinic of the same university, where he continues to serve as an active collaborator. Additionally, he has specialized in hip and knee arthroplasty surgeries at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, USA, and has been trained in hand surgery at the specialized Hand, Upper Limb, and Microsurgery Clinic at the General Hospital of Attica "KAT". Furthermore, he is an Associate Physician of the Iatriko Group as well as the Evgenidio Therapy Center. Finally, he is a member of the Athens Medical Association, the Hellenic Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, the Hellenic Society of Hand Surgery, and the Medical Association of the United Kingdom.

Dr. Nikolopoulos Ioannis, MD, MSc, is an Orthopedic Surgeon, graduate of the Medical School of the University of Ioannina, with a Master's degree in Metabolic Bone Diseases. He is a Scientific Associate - Orthopedic Surgeon at Metropolitan Hospital and maintains private practices in Aspropyrgos and at the Medica Polyclinic in Agios Stefanos. He provides high-level services for the treatment and rehabilitation of a wide range of orthopedic and musculoskeletal conditions in adults and children, such as chondropathy, osteoarthritis, scoliosis, kyphosis, fractures, sports injuries, and upper limb neuropathy. Additionally, he offers consulting services for osteoporosis screening. He specializes in Minimally Invasive Surgery for performing surgical procedures such as total hip and knee arthroplasty, and continues to enhance his surgical expertise abroad. Moreover, he has numerous publications in reputable international and Greek scientific journals and has participated as a speaker at domestic and international conferences.

Ο Ασλανίδης Ηλίας MD,MSc,FEBOT είναι Στρατιωτικός Ιατρός, Ορθοπαιδικός και Διευθυντής Τμήματος Κάτω Άκρου και Επανορθωτικής Χειρουργικής Ποδός στη Ευρωκλινική Αθηνών. Διατηρεί Ιατρείο στους Αμπελόκηπους, Λουίζης Ριανκούρ 65-67 και στο Λαγονήσι. Είναι απόφοιτος της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Αριστοτέλειου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης και Αριστούχος απόφοιτος της Στρατιωτικής Σχολής Αξιωματικών Σωμάτων (ΣΣΑΣ) (Υπαρχηγός Τάξης). Ειδικεύτηκε στην Ορθοπαιδική και Τραυματολογία για 1,5 χρόνο στο 401 Γενικό Στρατιωτικό Νοσοκομείο Αθηνών, 6 μήνες στην Γ΄ Ορθοπαιδική Κλινική του ΚΑΤ Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Αττικής και 3 χρόνια στο Great Western Hospital του Σουίντον στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, όπου και ολοκλήρωσε την εκπαίδευση του. Είναι κάτοχος και αριστούχος του μεταπτυχιακού διπλώματος Μεταβολικών Νοσημάτων των Οστών του Εθνικού & Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών. Κατά τη διάρκεια της ειδικότητας του στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο εκπαιδεύτηκε για 6 μήνες στην άκρα χείρας και μικροχειρουργική, 6 μήνες στις παθήσεις ώμου και αγκώνος, 6 μήνες στις παθήσεις ισχίου, 6 μήνες στις παθήσεις σπονδυλικής στήλης και 1 χρόνο στις παθήσεις γόνατος και αθλητικών κακώσεων. Συνέχισε την εξειδίκευση του στο κάτω άκρο και στις αθλητικές κακώσεις (συμπεριλαμβανομένου παιδιών και εφήβων) για 1 χρόνο στο Σουίντον του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (Senior Fellow) με διενέργεια μεγάλου αριθμού εξειδικευμένων επεμβάσεων υπ’ ευθύνη του. Eργάζεται ως επιμελητής της Β' Ορθοπαιδικής του 401 Γενικού Στρατιωτικού Νοσοκομείου Αθηνών και είναι Διευθυντής του Υγειονομικού Τμήματος της Ζ' Μοίρας Αμφιβίων Καταδρομών. Είναι Διευθυντής Τμήματος Κάτω Άκρου και Επανορθωτικής Χειρουργικής Ποδός στη Ευρωκλινική Αθηνών ενώ επιπλέον είναι Sports Medicine Consultant της Tangram Sports Management, εταιρείας που διαχειρίζεται μεγάλο αριθμό επαγγελματιών παικτών μπάσκετ σε όλη την Ευρώπη. Παρέχει ιατρικές συμβουλές για την αντιμετώπιση αθλητικών κακώσεων σε επαγγελματικές ομάδες μπάσκετ τόσο της Ευρώπης (Euroleague, Eurocup, Liga ACB, BBL, LNB Pro A κ.α.) όσο και της Ασίας. Στο παρελθόν έχει διατελέσει ιατρός και σε άλλες μονάδες των ειδικών δυνάμεων με συμμετοχή σε διάφορα σχολεία του Ελληνικού Στρατού (Ελεύθερης Πτώσης, Καταδυτικής Ιατρικής), καθώς και ιατρός αγώνων ποδοσφαίρου (ΕΠΣΑ,ΕΠΣΑΝΑ,ΕΠΣΔΑ,ΕΠΣΠ, Football Leaue,Football League 2, Superleague Νέων) και πολεμικών τεχνών (πανελλήνιο πρωτάθλημα παγκρατίου, καράτε κ.α.). Είναι μέλος του Ιατρικού Συλλόγου του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (GMC Specialty Registry) και της Βρετανικής Ορθοπαιδικής Εταιρείας Ποδός και Ποδοκνημικής (BOFAS). Έχει συμμετάσχει στο παρελθόν σε πληθώρα συνεδρίων ελληνικών και διεθνών. Έχει εξειδικευτεί στο κάτω άκρο και στις αθλητικές κακώσεις με ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον το γόνατο , την ποδοκνημική και τον άκρο πόδα. Είναι ένας από τους λίγους χειρουργούς στην Ελλάδα με επίσημη εξειδίκευση στο πόδι και την ποδοκνημική στο εξωτερικό ( Foot and Αnkle Fellow). Είναι υπότροφος της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής Ορθοπαιδικής και Τραυματολογίας κατόπιν ειδικών εξετάσεων και αυτήν την περίοδο είναι συνεργάτης της Ευρωκλινικής Αθηνών, της Βιοκλινικής Αθηνών, του Θεραπευτηρίου ΥΓΕΙΑ, ΜΗΤΕΡΑ και του Ιατρικού Κέντρου Αθηνών. Λόγω της ενασχόλησης του για χρόνια με τον αθλητισμό-έχοντας υπάρξει ο ίδιος ποδοσφαιριστής - και γνωρίζοντας πλέον και τις δύο όψεις αθλητή και ιατρού διαθέτει μεγάλη εμπειρία στις αθλητικές κακώσεις και στην ταχεία επιστροφή των αθλητών στις επαγγελματικές τους δραστηριότητες. Υπηρετώντας επιπλέον για περισσότερο από 6 χρόνια σε μονάδες Ειδικών Δυνάμεων έχει αναλάβει μεγάλο αριθμό δύσκολων περιπτώσεων που έχει φέρει εις πέρας με μεγάλη επιτυχία, βασιζόμενος στις ιδιαιτερότητες των υψηλών απαιτήσεων ασθενών με στόχο την ταχεία αποκατάσταση και την πλήρη επιστροφή στην υπηρεσία.

Orthopedic surgeon Ntousis Dionysios is a graduate of the Medical School of Athens, where he also completed his postgraduate specialization in Metabolic Bone Diseases. He has maintained his private practice in the Alimos area since 2016, diligently addressing the orthopedic issues of his fellow citizens with a sense of responsibility, professionalism, and excellent, modern, evidence-based scientific knowledge. Guided by the individualized approach to each patient's needs and aiming to improve the quality of life of those he serves, the physician manages all orthopedic conditions both conservatively and surgically.

The physician's areas of expertise include, among others, the surgical treatment of foot disorders, sports injuries of the knee (anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus tears), shoulder (shoulder dislocation), and knee and hip arthroplasty.

Vasilakakos Theofanis MD is an Orthopedic Surgeon - Sports Medicine Specialist with private practices in Kalamata, Sparta, and Kolonaki, and is also an Associate at the "Metropolitan" Hospital in Athens. He has specialized in Arthroscopic Surgery of the shoulder and knee at McGill University in Canada and in Reconstructive Surgery of the hip, shoulder, and knee at the Hospital for Special Surgery in the United States of America. He manages patients with sports injuries, osteoarthritis, spinal hemangioma, fractures, meniscal tears, anterior cruciate ligament tears, scoliosis-kyphosis, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, tendinitis, chondropathy, and other bone injuries.

Kontrarou Eugenia is an Orthopedic Surgeon with a private practice in Agia Varvara. She holds a postgraduate degree in Metabolic Bone Diseases - Osteoporosis from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She is a member of the Athens Medical Association and the Hellenic Osteoporosis Foundation, specializing in sports injuries and osteoporosis. In her private practice, she offers a wide range of services tailored to the individual needs of each patient.

Triantafyllidis Pantelis is an Orthopedic Surgeon with a clinic located in Galatsi, Marousi. He specializes in Knee and Hip Arthroplasty, Robotic Arthroplasty, Arthroscopic surgery of the knee, shoulder, and ankle, the treatment of Sports injuries, Osteoporosis, and fracture management. Additionally, during his specialty training, he has been trained in Microsurgery and upper limb surgery, as well as Pediatric Orthopedics. The clinic treats adult and adolescent patients with all types of orthopedic problems. Concurrently, he serves as the Director and Scientific Supervisor of the orthopedic department at Orthobiomed. He performs surgeries and collaborates with major hospitals in Athens, such as "Hygeia," where he also served as Deputy Director, and Mitera. He graduated from the Medical School of the University of Ioannina, holds a specialty title in Orthopedic Surgery from the Orthopedic Clinic of the University of Athens at KAT Hospital, and is a PhD candidate at the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He has participated in the education of students in Orthopedics and the first aid laboratory for Physiotherapy students. He has served as a physician for various teams and sports clubs and has operated on numerous athletes. He has participated as a speaker and organizer in numerous conferences, lectures, and presentations in Greece and abroad, as well as in writing articles for Greek and international scientific journals. Finally, he is a member of many Greek and international scientific societies.

Mr. Siopis Xristos is an Orthopedic Surgeon with private practices in Thessaloniki (28 Agias Sofias, 2nd Floor) and Veria (32 El. Venizelou, 3rd Floor). He is a graduate of the Medical School of the University of Thessaly. Since 2021, he has been a Collaborating Surgeon at the A’ Orthopedic Clinic of the Interbalkan Medical Center of Thessaloniki and a direct collaborator of Dr. Stylianos Kapetanakis in the Spine & Deformities Department. Simultaneously, he serves as a Collaborating Physician at the Athens Medical Center in Marousi and Psychiko. He specializes in knee and hip arthroplasties with customized implants, spinal surgery, knee and shoulder arthroscopies, as well as pediatric orthopedics. In his private practices, he provides a wide range of services tailored to the individual needs of each patient, always with respect to the patient himself.

Grigorios Sasalos is an Orthopedic Surgeon, Consultant at the Orthopedic Clinic of Metropolitan Hospital, and maintains a private practice in Galatsi. He graduated from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He received a scholarship from the State Scholarships Foundation to undertake a postgraduate program at the National School of Public Health. He completed his specialization at the First University Clinic of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He has served for several years as an unpaid Scientific Collaborator at the Second University Clinic of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He has participated in numerous international conferences, specialized seminars on new techniques, and educational courses. He manages cases across the entire spectrum of reconstructive surgery, hip and knee arthroplasty, with a particular interest in minimally invasive SuperPATH hip arthroplasty. He also undertakes arthroscopic repair of sports injuries in cases unresponsive to conservative treatment.

Fragkopoulos Konstantinos is an Orthopedic Surgeon who maintains private practices in Korydallos and Keratsini. Additionally, he serves as an Orthopedic Surgeon in the Pediatric Orthopedic Department at Metropolitan Hospital. Furthermore, he has worked at the Orthopedic Clinic of the General Hospital of Nikaia - Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon," in the 2nd Pediatric Orthopedic Clinic of the General Children's Hospital of Athens "Agia Sophia," and in the Microsurgery Clinic of the Upper Limb & Shoulder at the General Hospital of Attica KAT. Finally, the doctor specializes in pediatric orthopedics, sports injuries, and hip and knee arthroplasty.

Ailamakis Nikolaos is an Orthopedic Surgeon who maintains a private practice in Chalandri and holds a position as a consultant at the 2nd Orthopedic Clinic of Errikos Dynan Hospital Center. He holds a medical degree from the Medical School of the University of Crete and is specialized in Arthroplasty, fracture management, upper and lower limb surgery, Sports Injuries, Shoulder – Hip – Knee pathologies, and Pediatric Orthopedics. He covers the entire spectrum of Orthopedics and Traumatology using the most modern treatment methods, either surgical and/or conservative depending on indications. Additionally, he offers a range of services, including osteoporosis screening, fracture management and follow-up, treatment of spinal and limb disorders, wound suturing and repair, and cast application. Moreover, thanks to his extensive experience, he provides high-level services in total hip and knee arthroplasty using minimally invasive techniques — resulting in shorter hospitalization time, minimal and controlled postoperative pain, and rapid recovery. Finally, he offers medical treatment and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal conditions using specialized biological agents without contraindications or side effects, such as hyaluronic acid and injections of concentrated platelets – growth factors.

Dr. Anagnostou Konstantinos, MD, is an Orthopedic Surgeon with a private practice in Argyroupoli. He is a PhD candidate at the Medical School of the University of Patras and a graduate of the same institution. He obtained his Orthopedic Surgeon title in 2013 from the University Orthopedic Clinic at the University General Hospital of Rio, Patras, while part of his specialization was also completed at the "P. & A. Kyriakou" General Children's Hospital of Athens. In addition to his private practice, Dr. Anagnostou collaborates with MITERA Hospital - HYGEIA Group, serving as the Consultant of the 4th Orthopedic Clinic - Sports Injuries and Knee and Hip Arthroplasties. He has participated in a large number of conferences, educational seminars, and projects, focusing primarily on upper limb disorders and injuries, as well as sports injuries. Finally, he is a member of the Athens Medical Association, the Hellenic Society of Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology, the Hellenic Arthroscopy Society, and AO TRAUMA.

Ioannis Mamais is an Orthopedic Surgeon with a private practice in Ano Patissia. He holds a medical degree from the University of Belgrade and specialized in Orthopedics. He has extensive and significant clinical experience, having worked as an Orthopedic Surgeon – Consultant in the Reconstructive Surgery Clinic at the Athens Medical Group (P. Faliro Clinic), at the General Hospital "Red Cross," and at the Pediatric Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou." Furthermore, he specializes in arthroscopy, traumatology, and hip and knee arthroplasty.

Dr. Diakatos Andreas is an Orthopedic Surgeon who maintains a private practice in Ilioupoli. He was born in Athens. He began his specialty training in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology at the Asklipiio Voulas Hospital. For two years, he trained in Microsurgery at KAT Hospital and for one year in Pediatric Orthopedics at the same hospital. In 2014, he obtained the Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology specialty certification and has been practicing privately since then. He is currently affiliated with Hygeia Hospital, where a significant number of robotic surgeries are performed, a cutting-edge technology in knee and hip arthroplasty within this specialty. Finally, it would be remiss not to mention his training in Bologna, Italy, under Professor Maurilio Marcacci, as well as in Leeds, United Kingdom.