Health professionals for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Sarikosta Meropi is a Psychologist who has maintained a private practice in Nea Filadelfia since 2011. She is a graduate of the Department of Psychology at Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences and a trainee Relational Psychotherapist in the Postgraduate Specialization Program in Clinical Skills based on the Cognitive Analytic Model and Relational Psychotherapy at the Institute of Relational and Group Psychotherapy (ISOPS). She was trained in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) at Aeginiteio Hospital (EPIPSY) and attended the annual postgraduate seminar "Clinical Psychopathology" at the same hospital. She has acquired clinical experience in the psychiatric department of G.N.A. Sismanogleio, as well as in the First Psychiatric Clinic (EKPA) of Aeginiteio Hospital. Additionally, since 2009, she has worked as a psychologist and permanent staff member in the psychiatric department of the Central Clinic of Athens of the Hellenic Police (EL.AS), while actively engaging in volunteer work as a volunteer at the KEFI association (Association of Cancer Patients, Volunteers, Friends, and Doctors of Athens) supporting patients with cancer. She holds a license to practice as a psychologist and is a member of the International Association of Relational Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy (IARPP) and the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA). From 2013 to 2016, she participated in group psychotherapy based on the principles of Gestalt at the Gestalt Foundation Psychotherapy & Training Center. Since 2020, she has been involved in group supervision, as well as individual and group psychotherapy within the Institute of Relational and Group Psychotherapy (ISOPS). She continually updates her knowledge by participating in seminars and conferences both in Greece and abroad.

Thomaidi Paulina is a Psychologist – Psychotherapist, a regular member of the Hellenic Psychological Society (HPS), and maintains a private practice in Kypseli, Athens. She is a graduate of the Psychology Department of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and holds a postgraduate diploma in Forensic – Criminal Psychology from Coventry University. She trained in Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and has specialized in addressing issues related to anxiety, depression, personality disorders, as well as couples counseling and family therapy. She has consistently invested in her scientific development through numerous seminars and training programs covering topics such as trauma therapy, autoimmune diseases and mental health, domestic violence, and contemporary, revised guidelines for mental health treatment, ensuring that her services are based on the most reliable psychological practices. Academically, she has conducted research on the social stigma of LGBTQ+ community members, as well as on attitudes and behaviors toward sexual violence against women and double standards. She addresses issues of anxiety, depression, psychological trauma, eating disorders, addictions – dependencies, obsessive-compulsive disorders, personality disorders, and provides counseling services. Additionally, she offers couples and family counseling and therapy. Her treatment is LGBTQ+ friendly and tailored to cases of neurodiversity (ADHD, ASD, etc.).

Η Σφενδυλάκη Σοφία είναι Ψυχολόγος MSc - πιστοποιημένη Ψυχοθεραπεύτρια στη Γνωσιακή-Συμπεριφορική Θεραπεία (CBT) και στις θεραπείες τρίτου κύματος, με έμφαση στη Θεραπεία Εστιασμένη στη Συμπόνια (CFT) και διατηρεί ιδιωτικό γραφείο στον Άγιο Νικόλαο Κρήτης. Αποφοίτησε από το Τμήμα Ψυχολογίας του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου και ολοκλήρωσε το MSc «Προαγωγή Ψυχικής Υγείας & Πρόληψη Ψυχικών Διαταραχών» της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών. Έχει ολοκληρώσει τετραετή εποπτευόμενη εκπαίδευση στη Γνωσιακή-Συμπεριφορική Θεραπεία στην Εταιρεία Γνωσιακών & Συμπεριφορικών Σπουδών και έχει παρακολουθήσει θεωρητική και βιωματική κατάρτιση στη CFT και σε πρακτικές ενσυνειδητότητας. Είναι πιστοποιημένη θεραπεύτρια σύμφωνα με τα κριτήρια της European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (EABCT) και της Ελληνικής Εταιρείας Έρευνας της Συμπεριφοράς. Συμμετέχει συστηματικά σε ατομική και ομαδική εποπτεία και διατηρεί προσωπική θεραπευτική πορεία, με στόχο τη συνεχή επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη, την αυτεπίγνωση και την κλινική ασφάλεια. Η επαγγελματική της πορεία περιλαμβάνει εμπειρία σε δομές ψυχικής υγείας, κοινωνικής φροντίδας, εξαρτήσεων και ψυχοκοινωνικής υποστήριξης. Έχει εργαστεί σε ψυχοκοινωνικές δομές, όπως ο Ξενώνας Αστέγων του Δήμου Αθηναίων και δομές ασυνόδευτων ανηλίκων. Στη συνέχεια εργάστηκε στον Οργανισμό Κατά των Ναρκωτικών (ΟΚΑΝΑ), στην ομάδα Παρέμβασης στο Δρόμο (Streetwork), καθώς και στο Τμήμα Θεραπειών Ενηλίκων του Ινστιτούτου Έρευνας και Θεραπείας της Συμπεριφοράς, όπου παρείχε ατομικές ψυχοθεραπευτικές συνεδρίες υπό εποπτεία. Η επαγγελματική της εμπειρία περιλαμβάνει επίσης συνεργασίες με τον Εθνικό Οργανισμό Πρόληψης και Αντιμετώπισης των Εξαρτήσεων (ΕΟΠΑΕ), στη ΜΟΘΕ Ηρακλείου, καθώς και με την Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία Ορειβασίας & Αναρρίχησης (ΕΟΟΑ). Σήμερα δραστηριοποιείται ιδιωτικά ως Ψυχολόγος – Ψυχοθεραπεύτρια, παρέχοντας ατομικές συνεδρίες σε ενήλικες, δια ζώσης στον Άγιο Νικόλαο Κρήτης και online.

Dimitra Karakasi is a Psychologist-Psychotherapist, graduate of the Department of Psychology at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. She has completed postgraduate studies and specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). She has worked in mental health facilities and school units, gaining experience in providing psychological support to adults, adolescents, and children. She deals with issues related to anxiety, depression, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and enhancing self-esteem. Her clinical practice is based on scientifically validated methods, aiming to promote mental health and personal development.

Polonyfi Athanasia maintains a practice in Rethymno, Crete, offering comprehensive mental health and counseling services with integrity and understanding. She was born in Marousi, Attica, and raised in Messolonghi. She was admitted to the Faculty of Pharmacy in Athens through the national entrance examinations and completed her internship in the Parenteral Nutrition Department at the University Children's Hospital "Agia Sofia." With extensive experience and excellent scientific training, she provides her services in Rethymno, Crete, assisting individuals in addressing potential emotional disorders and interpersonal relationship issues with utmost professionalism and sincerity. She holds a professional practice license under number 237467. Furthermore, she has been accepted into the Continuing Education program in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy offered by the Lifelong Learning Center of the University of Crete, aiming to achieve even more comprehensive training and continuously improve the quality of her services.

Anestis Sapounas is a Psychologist, summa cum laude graduate of the Department of Psychology at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.K.U.A.), licensed to practice, providing counseling and psychotherapy services. He specializes in the treatment of mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and phobias, as well as interpersonal difficulties and relationship issues.

He has specialized in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) through the Center for Applied Psychotherapy and Counseling (KE.PSY.SY.), and has been trained in the Theory and Practice of Relational Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy at the Institute of Relational and Group Psychotherapy (I.S.O.P.). He also holds certification in Organizational Psychology from the Athens University of Economics and Business (AUEB) and is active in the field of occupational counseling.

His approach focuses on a profound understanding of the individual beyond the symptom, while through psychoeducation, he empowers the client with practical tools for a functional daily life alongside enhancing psychological resilience.

He has worked in the prevention and treatment of domestic and gender-based violence, contributing to victim support. Simultaneously, he has provided his services in various mental health settings.

In his sessions, he aims to create a safe and supportive environment where the individual can freely express themselves and process their difficulties without fear of judgment.

Metta Kalliopi, MSc, is a Psychotherapist offering online sessions in both Greek and English, based between Athens and Amsterdam. She holds two Master’s degrees — in Clinical Psychology (Leiden University, the Netherlands) and Neuroscience (Carleton University, Canada). Kalliopi works exclusively online, providing psychotherapeutic support to adults in Greece and abroad. She works with individuals experiencing anxiety disorders, panic attacks, work-related stress, depression, ADHD, emotional regulation difficulties, interpersonal issues, psychosomatic symptoms, self-esteem challenges, addictions, as well as existential concerns related to meaning and identity. In her therapeutic practice, she integrates techniques from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Psychodynamic Therapy, aiming to help clients understand and change limiting patterns of thought and behavior. She supports individuals in managing anxiety, improving relationships, and enhancing self-esteem. Kalliopi also places particular emphasis on empowering and supporting members of the LGBTQIA+ community, approaching every individual with acceptance, respect, and authenticity. She has completed over 300 hours of personal psychotherapy, deepening her understanding of the therapeutic process and human experience.

Pyromali Xristiana is a Mental Health Counselor and operates her private practice in Gkyzi. She holds a degree from the School of Philosophy, Pedagogics, and Psychology (F.P.Psi) with a specialization in Psychology from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, as well as an MSc in Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy from the University of Derby and an HND in Counselling & Psychology from the Mediterranean College. In her pursuit of continuous professional development, she has completed numerous postgraduate programs and seminars at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens as well as at the Counseling and Psychotherapy Center "Peri Psychis." In her private practice, she manages a wide range of cases, always focusing on the best possible service tailored to the individualized needs of each person.

Pitsinis Errikos Dionysios is a Psychologist – Psychotherapist who conducts online psychotherapy sessions while also maintaining his private practice in Kypseli. He has completed studies in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) at the International Psychotherapy Center "ALYPIA," holds a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in Forensic Psychology from the University of Central Lancashire, and a Master of Science (MSc) degree in Forensic Psychology from Coventry University. His professional experience includes work in private practice as well as an internship at the Korydallos Detention Center I. He has specialized through training programs at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in the following areas: Couple and Family Counseling and Therapy, Aggressive and Violent Behavior: Professional Risk Assessment and De-escalation Techniques, Anxiety and Depression: Psychoeducation and Management, Psychosocial Support for Prisoners and Reintegration Issues, and Cluster B Personality Disorders (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders). Finally, the specialist is a regular member of the Hellenic Association of Psychologists.

Panagiotou Maria - Anna is a Psychologist (BSc) and Psychotherapist specializing in Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy. She graduated from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and holds a professional practice license valid nationwide (License No: 1401991). She has worked as a Psychologist at the Elderly Care Unit "Rodi" in Filothei, as well as an external collaborator in a Medical Clinic and an English tutoring center to support employees and students. Additionally, she has volunteered in various settings, including public elderly care units and telephone support platforms. She has been trained in the Behavioral-Cognitive approach (higher education) at KEPSYSY in areas such as anxiety, phobias, panic attacks, psychosomatic disorders, depression, traumatic experiences, relationship issues, and has specialized in the non-pharmacological management of geriatric issues and caregivers, including dementia, grief, and anxiety at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She works with both adults and adolescents on family matters, crisis management, school performance, and violence-related issues. Her approach is based, among others, on the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy model by Ellis, Beck's Cognitive Therapy model, as well as Meichenbaum's Cognitive-Behavioral Modification. Finally, the specialist is a member of the Hellenic Psychological Society (SEPS). Guided by empathy, authenticity, and scientific practices, individuals will progressively be able to manage life situations effectively. For optimal service provision, she is supervised and participates in personal psychotherapy.

Antonia Mpeka is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist and maintains a private practice in Galatsi. She holds a degree from the Department of Psychology at Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences and possesses a certified four-year specialization in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) from the Society of Cognitive Behavioral Studies. She has worked as a Psychologist at The Smile of the Child, supporting children and parents through counseling helplines. Additionally, she has conducted individual CBT Psychotherapy sessions. Within the framework of lifelong learning, she attends seminars in the field of mental health.

Ioanna Marmarou BSc, MSc, PhD is a Clinical - Counseling Psychologist who maintains a private practice in the center of Athens, in Exarchia. She holds a PhD in Counseling Psychology from the University of East London, a master's degree in Clinical & Community Psychology, and a bachelor's degree in Psychology from the same university. The therapist is a member of the Hellenic Psychological Society with professional license number 309612. The therapeutic process follows the Integrative Approach, which successfully incorporates Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic therapy, and Gestalt therapy. She holds certifications in School Psychology, Sexual Education for Children and Adolescents, and Drama Therapy. At Ioanna Marmarou's private practice, the counseling and psychotherapeutic process focuses on the uniqueness of each individual, allowing them to express every right - wrong, good - bad, normal - abnormal, realistic - imaginary, light - dark aspect of themselves and their broader life. The purpose of this therapeutic process is to serve as a journey for the client to explore their own self and their relationship with themselves, as well as the relationships and boundaries they have established within their social environment. A core principle of the therapist is the empowerment of the individual, aiming to build healthy relationships, achieve inner fulfillment, and maintain functionality in daily life.

Safe Space Angkeliou Frinta - Filothei Kai Synergates is a Psychologist-Psychotherapist who maintains a private practice in the Marousi area. She graduated with honors in Psychology, with distinction, from the University of Greenwich in London (license number 5719) and holds postgraduate studies in Clinical and Developmental Child Psychology from the University of Central Lancashire. Additionally, she specialized in Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy following a four-year training program at the Center for Applied Psychotherapy and Counseling. During her professional career, she has worked in companies within the pharmaceutical sector and in the field of clinical studies as a Psychologist and Human Resources Manager. Furthermore, she has worked as a Psychologist-Psychotherapist in therapy departments of the Center for Applied Psychotherapy and Counseling, providing services to adults, children, and adolescents.

Karageorgou Xrysoula is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist - Clinical Hypnotherapist and maintains a private practice in Karditsa. She completed her studies in Psychology at the State University of New York. She holds a Master's Degree in Special Education focusing on language and mathematics difficulties from the University of Thessaly in Volos. Additionally, she has been trained and further educated in psychology, counseling, life coaching, school and clinical psychology at the University of the Aegean, and in Clinical Hypnotherapy at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She has worked as a psychologist in public and private Vocational Training Institutes (DIEK), at the University of Thessaly in Volos, and since 2017 has been working with the UNHCR - ESTIA Program. In her practice, she handles cases related to mental health, with a specialization in cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, counseling, and clinical hypnotherapy.

Η Καράμπαλη Ελένη MSc είναι Κλινική Ψυχολόγος - Ψυχοθεραπεύτρια και διατηρεί ιδιωτικό γραφείο στα Εξάρχεια. Είναι απόφοιτος του Πανεπιστημίου Καρόλου της Πράγας, με άδεια ασκήσεως επαγγέλματος (Αρ.πρωτ. 8234) και πολυετή εμπειρία στην υποστήριξη ενηλίκων, εφήβων και παιδιών. Έχει εκπαιδευτεί στη Γνωσιακή Συμπεριφορική Θεραπεία (CBT) και στην Art Therapy, καθώς και σε πρωτόκολλα παρέμβασης σε τραύμα και ψυχολογική παρέμβαση σε κρίση. Στην πορεία της καριέρας της έχει εργαστεί σε διαφορετικά περιβάλλοντα ψυχικής υγείας στην Ελλάδα (Παιδικά Χωριά SOS, Ελληνικός Ερυθρός Σταυρός) και στο εξωτερικό, υποστηρίζοντας κυρίως ευάλωτες ομάδες. Σήμερα διατηρεί ιδιωτικό γραφείο στο κέντρο της Αθήνας και εργάζεται στο Ελληνικό Συμβούλιο για τους Πρόσφυγες, αναλαμβάνοντας την ψυχολογική στήριξη παιδιών, εφήβων και γονέων. Εξειδικεύεται στη διαχείριση άγχους, κατάθλιψης, μετατραυματικού στρες, πένθους, φοβιών, κακοποίησης και δυσκολιών στις διαπροσωπικές σχέσεις. Παράλληλα, έχει εμπειρία στη διάγνωση ψυχοπαθολογίας και στη χρήση ψυχομετρικών εργαλείων, προσφέροντας εξατομικευμένες παρεμβάσεις με σεβασμό στις ανάγκες του κάθε ατόμου. Στη θεραπευτική της προσέγγισης αξιοποιεί κυρίως τη Γνωσιακή Συμπεριφορική Θεραπεία (CBT), μια επιστημονικά τεκμηριωμένη μέθοδο που βοηθά το άτομο να αναγνωρίσει και να τροποποιήσει τις σκέψεις και τα μοτίβα συμπεριφοράς που ενισχύουν τη δυσφορία του. Η CBT δίνει πρακτικά εργαλεία, ενδυναμώνει και καλλιεργεί νέες, πιο υγιείς οπτικές απέναντι στη ζωή. Παράλληλα, ενσωματώνει στοιχεία Θεραπείας μέσω Τέχνης (Art Therapy), ειδικά όταν δουλεύει με παιδιά, εφήβους ή ενήλικες που δυσκολεύονται να εκφραστούν λεκτικά. Η δημιουργία γίνεται ένα ασφαλές “κανάλι” έκφρασης συναισθημάτων, αναμνήσεων και εσωτερικών συγκρούσεων, χωρίς τη χρήση λόγου. Δεν ακολουθεί μία αυστηρή “συνταγή”. Κάθε άνθρωπος είναι μοναδικός, και κάθε συνεδρία προσαρμόζεται στις ανάγκες του - με σεβασμό στον ρυθμό του, στην ιστορία του και στις αντοχές του. Οταν δουλεύει με παιδιά, δίνει ιδιαίτερη σημασία στη συνεργασία με τους γονείς. Ο στόχος δεν είναι μόνο η “αντιμετώπιση” μιας δυσκολίας, αλλά η ενδυνάμωση της σχέσης γονιού - παιδιού, ώστε το ίδιο το σπίτι να γίνει χώρος θεραπείας, εμπιστοσύνης και ανάπτυξης. Τέλος, προσφέρει συνεδρίες και στα αραβικά και στα τσεχικά.

Zompola Aggeliki is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist with a private practice in Marousi. She studied Psychology at the University of Wales and trained in Cognitive Analytic Psychotherapy at the Institute of Relational Group Psychotherapy. She received further training in PECS for children with autism, Psychodrama and Social Therapy, and Psychological Assessments. Additionally, she holds a therapeutic horseback riding competency certificate from the Panhellenic Association of Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Riding Instructors, where she also worked as a Psychologist - Psychotherapist. Furthermore, she has worked as a Psychologist - Psychotherapist at MONORODI and the Open Psychotherapeutic Center. Finally, she has experience and specializes in personality disorders and psychotherapy using the psychodrama method.

Potsis Georgios is a Psychotherapist (trainee) - Mental Health Counselor and maintains a private practice in Galatsi. He has completed the Professional Diploma in Therapeutic Counselling from ICPS College (Pearson Edexcel). Subsequently, he specialized in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy at the European Institute of Counselling and Psychotherapy (EICP) and is continuing with a comprehensive 4-year training program at the Institute of Synthetic - Systemic Therapy of Thessaloniki, where he specializes in Synthetic - Systemic Psychotherapy. He has also completed a one-year study program in School Psychology. He actively participates in seminars and workshops focused on mental health. He has worked in private counseling and specialized therapy centers, as well as volunteering at NGOs that provide psychosocial support to adolescents and adults. Currently, he offers individual sessions online, providing flexibility and convenience, thereby facilitating access for individuals from all over Greece and abroad.

Η Παναγιώτα Καραμπέτσου είναι Κλινική Νευροψυχολόγος - Ψυχοθεραπεύτρια και διατηρεί ιδιωτικό γραφείο στον Χολαργό.Είναι απόφοιτη Ψυχολογίας του Τμήματος Ψυχολογίας του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ) και κατέχει Μεταπτυχιακό τίτλο (MSc) στην Κλινική Νευροψυχολογία του τμήματος Ιατρικής Σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ) σε συνεργασία με το Montreal Neurological Istitute (MNI), McGill University of Canada. Οι Μεταπτυχιακές σπουδές της, η κλινική άσκηση και οι ερευνητικές της δραστηριότητες την εκπαίδευσαν στην χορήγηση μεμονομένων νευροψυχολογικών δοκιμασιών και συστοιχιών αδρού ελέγχου των νοητικών λειτουργιών και επιμέρους των νοητικών πεδίων (προσοχή, μνήμη, γλώσσα, σκέψη, συλλογισμός, οπτικοχωρικές δεξιότητες, επιτελικές λειτουργίες), στην βαθμολόγηση νευροψυχολογικών δοκιμασιών και συστοιχιών, στην ερμηνία αποτελεσμάτων και στην συγγραφή αναφοράς. Ακόμη, στο πλαίσιο της κλινικής της άσκησης εξειδικεύτηκε στην νευροψυχολογική αξιολόγηση, στην ψυχοκοινωνική στήριξη και στην αποκατάσταση Νευρολογικών και Νευροεκφυλλιστικών Διαταραχών, Ανοικών ασθενών και ατόμων με Αυτοάνοσα Νοσήματα.Έχει εκπαιδευτεί στη Γνωσιακή Συμπεριφοριστική Ψυχοθεραπεία (CBT) στο Κέντρο Εφαρμοσμένης Ψυχοθεραπείας και Συμβουλευτικής (Κ.Ε.ΨΥ.ΣΥ) με ανάληψη περιστατικών και εποπτεία. Ακολούθως, ολοκλήρωσε τον κύκλο των εξειδικευμένων εργαστηρίων στη Γνωσιακή Συμπεριφοριστική θεραπεία παιδιών και εφήβων της Εταιρείας Γνωσιακών Συμπεριφοριστικών Σπουδών (ΕΓΣΣ).Έχει εκπαιδευτεί στην χορήγηση, στην βαθμολόγηση και στην αξιοποίηση των αποτελεσμάτων της κλίμακας Νοημοσύνης για Παιδιά WISC-V (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-5th Edition) και για Ενήλικες WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale).Είναι κάτοχος άδειας ασκήσεως επαγγέλματος και έχει εργαστεί σε δομές και σε κέντρα ψυχικής υγείας με νευρολογικά και ψυχιατρικά περιστατικά πραγματοποώντας αξιολογήσεις και παρεμβάσεις. Σε κέντρα ειδικών θεραπειών με παιδιά, εφήβους και οικογένειες. Αξιολογώντας το νοητικό δυναμικό παιδιών και εφήβων, παρέχοντας ψυχοθεραπευτικές συνεδρίες και συμβουλευτική γονέων.Δραστηριοποιείται ψυχοθεραπευτικά με παιδιά, εφήβους και ενήλικες, μέσω online συνεδριών και δια ζώσης στο γραφείο της.

Rasoulis Giorgos is a Clinical Psychologist and maintains a private practice in Heraklion, Crete, where he provides psychotherapeutic services to adults. He is a graduate of the University of East London. His professional approach is based on scientific knowledge, empathy, and respect for the individual, aiming to enhance self-awareness, manage emotional difficulties, and improve mental well-being. He utilizes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and counseling psychotherapy, tailoring methods to the specific needs of each case. Sessions are conducted both in person and online, allowing individuals from all over Greece and abroad to receive support in a manner adapted to their needs.