Pulmonologists - Tuberculosis specialists

Dr. Xristopoulos Antonios is a Specialist Pulmonologist, PhD holder from the Medical School of the University of Patras and former Assistant Professor of Pathology at the Higher Technological Educational Institute of Patras. He has worked as a registrar in the ICU and pulmonary laboratory of the ONASSIO Cardiac Surgery Center as well as a Clinical Chest Physician at King’s College Hospital in London. He has also completed postgraduate studies (Master’s degree) in “Thoracic Oncology” at the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He is a Scientific Collaborator at the University Pulmonology Clinic of the University General Hospital of Patras. The physician is certified by Harvard Medical School (accreditation 2014), the United Kingdom’s General Medical Council (RN 7523439), and the Global Health Network {ICH GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE E6 (R2) 94%}. He has undertaken a series of further training programs at specialized centers abroad with practical training, certified by the European Respiratory Society (ERS), of which he is a Golden Member. Dr. Xristopoulos is the Director of the Bronchial Asthma Department at the Medical Center of Athens in Marousi and is the scientific head of the ASTHMA CLINICS, where he oversees a fully equipped modern laboratory for respiratory function testing, sleep studies, and respiratory allergy assessments. The ASTHMA CLINICS feature specialized allergy and asthma departments and a severe bronchial asthma unit, where patients with difficult-to-treat asthma are evaluated for the initiation of new injectable biological therapies and the monitoring of asthma during pregnancy, as physiological changes during gestation may exacerbate asthma.

Dimitrios Papadopoulos, MD is a Pulmonologist and military physician, with subspecialty training in Sleep Medicine at the University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, and certification by the Greek Ministry of Health. He holds a Master’s degree in Occupational and Environmental Health from the National School of Public Health, as well as a postgraduate degree in Lung Cancer from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.He serves as an attending physician in the Department of Pulmonology at the 401 General Military Hospital of Athens and is an external consultant at Errikos Ntynan Hospital Center and the Athens Medical Center. He has extensive clinical experience in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic respiratory diseases and sleep disorders, pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy, polysomnography (sleep studies), invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, thoracic oncology, smoking cessation, preoperative assessment, and occupational risk evaluation.He actively participates in national and international scientific conferences, and his research work has been published in international peer-reviewed medical journals.

Xatziapostolou Panagiotis is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and has maintained a private practice in Thessaloniki since 1999. He began his medical studies at Kent State University Ohio and continued at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, from which he graduated, and he was also a PhD candidate at the same institution. He specialized in pulmonology - tuberculosis at the University Clinic of G. Papanikolaou. He served as a clinical observer at Yale University Hospital in N.Haven, C.T., and simultaneously worked at Orpington-Bromley Hospital in London and later at Norwalk Hospital in Connecticut, where he focused almost exclusively on sleep apnea syndrome. Additionally, he was a Scientific Collaborator for four years at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in G. Papanikolaou Hospital, while he served as the Scientific Director of the pulmonology department at Euromedica General Clinic for 21 years. He served for six years as vice president of the Association of Private Practitioners of Northern Greece and as a member of the Board of Directors of the Society for the Study of Pulmonary Diseases and Occupational Thoracic Diseases. The pulmonology center he maintains is equipped with a spirometer, oximeter, nocturnal recorder, exhaled carbon monoxide monitor, inspiratory and expiratory pressure meter, nebulizer, oxygen supply, electrocardiograph, and a set of forty skin allergy tests. Finally, the practice performs all modern anti-allergic injectable therapies for asthma and other allergic respiratory conditions, as well as diagnostic tests for respiratory diseases. Since 2018, lung ultrasound has been performed at the practice for immediate and radiation-free diagnosis (such as post-COVID-19 lesions, etc.).

Sapardanis Iordanis is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist with over 20 years of clinical experience in clinics and hospitals. He maintains a private practice in Pefka, Thessaloniki. He has an extensive range of publications as well as many years of experience in: interventional pulmonology, lung oncology, management of cancer patients, thoracic puncture, ascitic fluid analysis, chemotherapy regimens for lung cancer, diagnostic and therapeutic examinations, bronchoscopy (diagnostic - therapeutic), endoscopic swallowing evaluation, transthoracic ultrasound, pleural effusion drainage, smoking cessation clinic, management of ulcers and pressure sores (surgical debridement, application of V.A.C, use of growth factors for ulcer treatment, application of hyaluronic acid, selective surgical cleaning using ultrasound (25KHz) and normal saline hydrojet), etc. He is characterized by persistence, patience, resourcefulness, cooperativeness, excellent communication skills with patients and their companions, and above all, a genuine care for people. The clinic offers free parking and emergency parking spaces directly outside, as well as an additional open parking lot nearby. It is easily accessible for individuals with mobility issues, elderly patients, and others. Finally, the clinic is also easily accessible by public transportation.

Ο Ζαχαράτος Παναγιώτης MD, PhD είναι Πνευμονολόγος - Φυματιολόγος. Ξεκίνησε την επαγγελματική του πορεία αποκτώντας βασικές γνώσεις αρχικά Βιολογίας (πτυχίο Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών) και στη συνέχεια Ιατρικής (πτυχίο Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών). Ειδικεύτηκε στην Πνευμονολογία - Φυματιολογία στο Πνευμονολογικό Τμήμα της Α Πανεπιστημιακής Κλινικής Εντατικής Θεραπείας στο Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Αθηνών "Ευαγγελισμός". Κατά τη διάρκεια της ειδίκευσης του, πέρα από την εμπειρία στη ΜΕΘ, συμμετείχε στα εξωτερικά ιατρεία "ΧΑΠ" και "Διακοπής Καπνίσματος" του παραπάνω Νοσοκομείου, ενώ αργότερα παρακολούθησε τις εργασίες του Ιατρείου Διαμέσων Νοσημάτων του Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών "Σωτηρία". Έχει μεγάλη εμπειρία και στην Εργαστηριακή Ιατρική, ξεκινώντας με την επιτυχημένη ολοκλήρωση της διδακτορικής του διατριβής στη Μοριακή Διαγνωστική του Καρκίνου του Πνεύμονα (PhD in MolMed)(Ιατρική Σχολή Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών), συμμετέχοντας ως Επιστημονικός συνεργάτης σε Πανεπιστημιακές Κλινικές - Εργαστήρια (Εργαστήριο Ιστολογίας, Κλινική Παθολογικής Φυσιολογίας, Α’ Κλινική Εντατικής Θεραπείας, Α’ Πανεπιστημιακή Πνευμονολογική Κλινική) και του εξωτερικού (Department of Molecular Oncology "The Wistar Institute" Philadelphia USA, "Roy Castle Institute for Lung Cancer Research" Liverpool UK), με αντικείμενο μηχανισμούς καρκινογένεσης, μικροβιακή μοριακή διαγνωστική ιών και μυκοβακτηριδίων, και πειραματικών μοντέλων αποφρακτικών νόσων πνεύμονα. Στην Εργαστηριακή Ιατρική Διαγνωστική εργάστηκε ως Μοριακός Βιολόγος στο Κ.ΕΛ.ΑΝ.Ι.Η. του 1ου Νοσοκομείου ΙΚΑ Αθηνών και στη συνέχεια ως Βιολόγος - Κλινικός Χημικός στο Βιοχημικό Εργαστήριο του Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών "Η Σωτηρία", όπου και βρίσκεται στον παρόντα χρόνο ως Αναπληρωτής Διεύθυνσης με τον Τίτλο Εξειδίκευσης Ειδικού στη Εργαστηριακή Ιατρική (EuSpLM). Έχει λάβει πολλές τιμητικές επιστημονικές και ακαδημαϊκές διακρίσεις (υπότροφος του ΕΚΠΑ, της ΓΓΕΤ και του ΙΚΥ, πάνω από 15 βραβεία συνεδρίων). Έχει σημαντικό επιστημονικό και εκπαιδευτικό έργο με περισσότερες από 50 δημοσιεύσεις σε διεθνή ιατρικά περιοδικά, συνεχή ενεργό συμμετοχή σε εθνικά και διεθνή συνέδρια, ενώ το διδακτικό του έργο συνίσταται ως επισκέπτης Επίκουρος Καθηγητής στο Τμήμα Ιατρικών Εργαστηρίων ΤΕΙ Αθηνών και Λέκτορας στο Τμήμα BioMedical Sciences του Μητροπολιτικού Κολλεγίου Αθηνών. Τέλος, ο γιατρός συμμετέχει ενεργά σε Επαγγελματικές Ενώσεις/Εταιρείες του Ιατρικού χώρου όπως η Ελληνική Εταιρεία Κλινικής Χημείας και η Ένωση Πνευμονολόγων Ελλάδος, ενώ συμμετέχει και στις δραστηριότητες της Ελληνικής Πνευμονολογικής Εταιρείας.

Volonakis Mixail is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist who maintains a private practice in Rhodes. He holds a medical degree from the Faculty of Medicine at “Ovidius” University in Romania and specialized in Pulmonology - Tuberculosis at the 1st Pulmonology Clinic of the General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens “Sotiria.” He completed a postgraduate program in "Thoracic Oncology, Contemporary Clinical-Laboratory Approach and Research" at the Oncology Unit of the 3rd University Pathology Clinic and received a training fellowship in Sleep Study at the Respiratory Failure Center of the General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens “Sotiria.” He is an external collaborator - pulmonologist at the General Clinic of the Dodecanese Euromedica and has served as a physician at the municipal clinic of Kallithea, Rhodes, and in the "Help at Home" program. Finally, the doctor has presented numerous posters at medical conferences and has published extensively in medical scientific journals.

Psatha Aggeliki is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Volos. She holds a PhD from the Medical Department of the University of Thessaly and graduated from the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. She specialized in Pulmonology - Tuberculosis at the University Hospital of Larissa and has extensive experience in managing chronic respiratory diseases, pleural conditions, as well as smoking cessation. Furthermore, the doctor is affiliated with the private clinic "ANASSA" and is a lecturer in the postgraduate program "Management of Aging and Chronic Diseases" at the School of Social Sciences of the Hellenic Open University.

Elena Moustaka is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Acharnes. She specialized at the Athens Chest Diseases Hospital "Sotiria," with five years of experience in primary health care as a Pulmonologist Registrar B at the Acharnes Health Center.

Dotis Georgios is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist with private clinics in Kallithea and Mavili Square. The physician provides services for the diagnosis and treatment of lung tumors, smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy, prevention of relapses, and management of withdrawal symptoms caused by nicotine dependence and smoking cessation, respiratory infections (acute and chronic bronchitis, chronic cough, pneumonias), sleep apnea syndrome, pleural effusions, and chronic respiratory pulmonary disease (spirometry - oximetry, diagnosis, and treatment). In his fully equipped clinics, he manages a wide range of cases, understanding the specific needs of each patient.

Maria Xarikiopoulou is a Pulmonologist - Phthisiologist with a private practice in Petralona, while also serving as a Scientific External Collaborator at the Asthma Center of the 7th Pulmonology Clinic of the General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens "Sotiria".

She has many years of professional experience and manages patients presenting with symptoms across the full spectrum of respiratory diseases, providing diagnosis, treatment, and guidance. Her main areas of expertise include Bronchial Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

Koutzoglou Despoina is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and operates a private practice in Chania. She studied at the Medical School of the University of Bologna in Italy (ALMA MATER STUDIORUM UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA). Furthermore, she specialized at the Pulmonary Clinic of the General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases of Athens "Sotiria" and is a member of the Hellenic Respiratory Society and the European Respiratory Society. She also has clinical experience and training, and at her practice she manages pulmonary diseases such as respiratory infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking cessation, chronic cough, dyspnea, preoperative evaluation, among others.

Krouskos Antonios is originally from Kalymnos, a Military Physician - Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist, holding the rank of Squadron Leader and serving as Consultant at the Pulmonology Department of the 251 General Air Force Hospital. He has received additional training in endobronchial ultrasound through the European Respiratory Society (ERS) program, holds a postgraduate degree in Thoracic Oncology, and was trained in Interventional Pulmonology at the bronchology laboratory of the 1st University Pulmonology Department at the General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens “Sotiria.” He also holds the European Diploma in Respiratory Medicine (HERMES). He possesses significant experience working across the broad spectrum of pulmonology, focusing on the comprehensive and holistic treatment and management of all his patients’ diseases. Using state-of-the-art medical equipment, he manages cases of bronchial asthma, respiratory infections, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), bronchoscopy, lung cancer, and many others. He also treats cases related to smoking cessation as well as sleep disorders (sleep apnea syndrome). Among other affiliations, Dr. Krouskos is a member of the Hellenic and European Respiratory Societies, as well as the European Society of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology. His scientific contributions include presentations at conferences, an award-winning paper, and publications in international peer-reviewed journals.

Katsoulis Konstantinos is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist with a private practice in Thessaloniki. He holds a PhD from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and is a graduate of the Military School of Officers Corps of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He received training in Internal Medicine at the 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic of the 401 General Military Hospital of Athens and specialized in the 4th Pulmonology Clinic of the Athens Chest Diseases Hospital "Sotiria". He has served as Consultant and subsequently as Director of the Pulmonology Clinic at the 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki. Dr. Katsoulis manages conditions across the entire spectrum of pulmonology and tuberculosis and is specialized in asthma. He has extensive experience and has participated in 35 Greek and 7 international conferences with oral presentations, as well as 23 publications in Greek and international journals. At his private practice, he provides specialized services tailored to the individual needs of his patients.

Mpikos Vasileios is a Pulmonologist - Phthisiologist who maintains a private practice in Thessaloniki. He studied medicine at Europe’s largest university, "La Sapienza" in Rome, with a scholarship for the first two years and completed his studies with a grade of 9.1 (excellent). He returned to Greece and fulfilled his military obligations in Nevrokopi Drama and completed his rural service (agrotiko) at the General Hospital of Kos. Since then, he has consistently and continuously served the National Health System in various positions in Thessaloniki, initially as a trainee and, since 2018, as a Specialist Pulmonologist. Since 2020, due to his position as Consultant at the General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Theageneio," he has been involved in lung oncology, while performing interventional procedures such as bronchoscopies constitutes the most interesting and specialized part of his work.

The office of Mpikos G. Vasileios is located in one of the most central and easily accessible areas of Thessaloniki, at 15 Chalkeon Street, Aristotelous Square, Venizelou Metro, 54631, Thessaloniki. It is fully equipped to provide high-level services in a welcoming and pleasant environment.

Kontopyrgias Georgios MD, MSc, FCCP is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist with a private practice in Glyfada. He works as an Associate Director at Metropolitan Hospital. He graduated from the Medical School of the University of Crete and specialized in pulmonology in the Intensive Care Unit - Respiratory Failure Center at the Athens Chest Diseases Hospital "Sotiria." Additionally, he completed postgraduate studies in thoracic oncology and received further training with a scholarship from the Hellenic Respiratory Society in diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy, rigid bronchoscopy, and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) (Thoraklinik am Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg). Through continuous attendance at conferences, he stays informed on diseases in which he has particular expertise, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, lung cancer, sleep apnea, COPD and chronic cough, and he has numerous publications in Greek and international journals. Finally, the doctor is a member of the World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology, the European Respiratory Society, the American College of Chest Physicians, and the Hellenic Respiratory Society.

Gakis Konstantinos is a Pulmonologist - Phthisiologist military physician and maintains a private practice in Larissa. He holds a degree from the Medical School of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and is a graduate of the Military School of Corps Officers (SSAS). He trained in Internal Medicine at the 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic of the 251 Air Force General Hospital, and specialized in Pulmonology - Phthisiology at the General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens "Sotiria." Additionally, he specialized in Sleep Medicine at the Sleep Disorders Center of the University Pulmonology Clinic of Larissa, for which he received certification through examinations in 2023. He served as a consultant at the Pulmonology Clinic of the 251 Air Force General Hospital and was the scientific lead physician of the Sleep Disorders Laboratory of the 404 General Hospital of Larissa (2017-2025). Finally, as part of his continuous professional development, he participates in numerous seminars and conferences and is a member of the Larissa Medical Association, the Hellenic Respiratory Society, the Hellenic Sleep Society, as well as the European Respiratory Society.

Η Λαμπρινή Βλάσση είναι Πνευμονολόγος - Φυματιολόγος και διατηρεί ιδιωτικό ιατρείο στα Κάτω Πατήσια. Αποφοίτησε από την Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Είναι κάτοχος τίτλου μεταπτυχιακών σπουδών (MSc), αφού το 2023 ολοκλήρωσε το Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών «Διαταραχές της αναπνοής στον ύπνο – Εργαστηριακή και κλινική ιατρική του ύπνου» στο Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών. Επίσης, είναι Υποψήφια κάτοχος διδακτορικού διπλώματος της Ιατρικής σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, με θέμα «Οι ανοσοτροποποιητικές και κλινικές επιδράσεις της θεραπείας με μονοκλωνικά αντισώματα έναντι της IL-5 (mepolizumab) και του υποδοχέα της IL-5 (benralizumab) στην ανώτερη και κατώτερη αναπνευστική οδό, σε ασθενείς με σοβαρό ηωσινoφιλικό άσθμα και ρινικούς πολύποδες». Αφού ολοκλήρωσε την υποχρεωτική υπηρεσία υπαίθρου ως αγροτικός ιατρός στο ΠΙ Βαλτεσίνικου του ΚΥ Δημητσάνας, πραγματοποίησε την ειδικότητά της στην Πνευμονολογία - Φυματιολογία στην 10η Πνευμονολογική Κλινική και στην 7η Πνευμονολογική Κλινική, αλλά και Κέντρο Άσθματος του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ». Εκεί, εξειδικεύθηκε στη διάγνωση και την αντιμετώπιση πολυάριθμων παθήσεων του αναπνευστικού συστήματος, καθώς και στην διενέργεια ικανού αριθμού απλών και EBUS βρογχοσκοπήσεων. Κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας Covid19 αντιμετώπισε μεγάλο όγκο περιστατικών με λοίμωξη από τον ιό SARS-CoV2, τόσο νοσηλευόμενους, όσο και POST-Covid ασθενείς. Στα πλαίσια της ειδικότητάς της έλαβε εξάμηνη εκπαίδευση στην Εντατικολογία στις ΜΕΘ της Α’ Πανεπιστημιακής Πνευμονολογικής Κλινικής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών καθώς και του 251ου Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Αεροπορίας. Επιπλέον, ολοκλήρωσε 14μηνη εκπαίδευση στην Παθολογία στην Κρατική Παθολογική Κλινική του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ», ενώ ασκήθηκε και στην Θωρακοχειρουργική Κλινική του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ», όπου εκπαιδεύτηκε στην παροχέτευση υπεζωκοτικών συλλογών και την τοποθέτηση θωρακικών σωλήνων παροχέτευσης και συμμετείχε στα Τακτικά Εξωτερικά Ιατρεία και στις θωρακοχειρουργικές επεμβάσεις και εκτιμήσεις. Μετά τη λήψη του τίτλου ειδικότητας συνέχισε να εργάζεται με παράταση σύμβασης ειδικότητας ως Πνευμονολόγος – Φυματιολόγος στην 7η Πνευμονολογική Κλινική του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νοσημάτων Θώρακος Αθηνών «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ» μέχρι τον Μάρτιο του 2022, όταν και ξεκίνησε να εργάζεται ως Επικουρική Επιμελήτρια Β’ στην ίδια κλινική. Από τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2023 η ιατρός διατηρεί το ιδιωτικό της ιατρείο στο οποίο προσφέρονται εξατομικευμένες υπηρεσίες διάγνωσης και αντιμετώπισης ευρέος φάσματος αναπνευστικών παθήσεων βάσει των οδηγιών της σύγχρονης πνευμονολογίας. Πραγματοποιούνται και συνεδρίες για διακοπή καπνίσματος, καθώς η ιατρός είναι πιστοποιημένη από την Ελληνική Πνευμονολογική Εταιρεία στις μεθόδους Διακοπής Καπνίσματος. Η ιατρός είναι ενεργή συνεργάτης του Ιδιωτικού νοσοκομείου "ΥΓΕΙΑ" από το 2023, ενώ από τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2025 εργάζεται ως επιστημονικά υπεύθυνη πνευμονολόγος στο ιδιωτικό διαγνωστικό εργαστήριο "ΚΟΣΜΟΪΑΤΡΙΚΗ". Τέλος, η ιατρός έχει δημοσιεύσεις σε διεθνή επιστημονικά περιοδικά και ήταν ενεργό μέλος σε επιστημονικές εργασίες και RCTs ως sub-investigator, ενώ στα πλαίσια συνεχούς κατάρτισης έλαβε και συνεχίζει να λαμβάνει μέρος ως ομιλήτρια και σχολιάστρια σε διάφορα εθνικά και διεθνή συνέδρια. Είναι επίσης μέλος της Ελληνικής και της Ευρωπαϊκής Πνευμονολογικής Εταιρείας, ενώ ασχολείται ενεργά με τον εθελοντισμό αφού συμμετέχει με ομάδα ιατρών της Ελληνικής Πνευμονολογικής Εταιρείας στον ετήσιο Διάπλου της Ομάδας Αιγαίου σε ακριτικά νησιά του Αιγαίου Πελάγους προσφέροντας ιατρικές υπηρεσίες σε ασθενείς με αναπνευστικά προβλήματα.

Karipi Christina is a Pulmonologist - Tuberculosis Specialist and maintains a private practice in Nea Smyrni. She completed her medical studies at the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She specialized in Pulmonology - Tuberculosis at the 4th Pulmonology Clinic of the Thoracic Diseases Hospital "Sotiria". Subsequently, at the same hospital, she participated in the Smoking Cessation Clinic of the 6th Pulmonology Clinic and served as Scientific Collaborator at the 4th Pulmonology Clinic. Additionally, she has worked as a chief physician of medical research protocols at the biotechnology company Regulon. Finally, she has participated in nationwide and pan-European conferences covering all fields of Pulmonology - Tuberculosis and medicine in general, and she continuously updates herself on all developments in her specialty.