Health professionals for Τόνωση αυτοεκτίμησης near Pefka

Η Νάντια Χουσεΐν-Παπαδοπούλου είναι Ψυχολόγος - Ψυχοθεραπεύτρια με ειδίκευση στη Γνωστική - Συμπεριφορική Θεραπεία και διατηρεί το ιδιωτικό της γραφείο στο κέντρο της Θεσσαλονίκης, επί της οδού Ερμού 18.

Είναι απόφοιτη του τμήματος Ψυχολογίας του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστήμιου Θεσσαλονίκης, με άδεια ασκήσεως επαγγέλματος Ψυχολόγου. Με την ολοκλήρωση των σπουδών της, εντάχθηκε στην Ελληνική Εταιρεία Έρευνας Συμπεριφοράς και ξεκίνησε την τετραετή ειδίκευση της στη Γνωστική - Συμπεριφορική Θεραπεία, σύμφωνα με τα κριτήρια της EABCT - European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies. Ακολούθως, εκπαιδεύτηκε στην Θεραπεία Αποδοχής και Δέσμευσης μέσω της Ελληνικής Εταιρείας Έρευνας Συμπεριφοράς. Με γνώμονα τη συνεχή επιστημονική της κατάρτιση, έχει στο ενεργητικό της μετεκπαιδεύσεις από το Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών με εστίαση στην εφηβική ηλικία και τη διαχείριση του χωρισμού-διαζυγίου των γονέων.

Στο ιδιωτικό της γραφείο αναλαμβάνει την ψυχοθεραπευτική υποστήριξη ενηλίκων και εφήβων για ένα ευρύ φάσμα ζητημάτων, όπως άγχος, κατάθλιψη, διαχείριση θλίψης, μοναξιάς, θυμού, κρίσεις πανικού, φοβίες, ψυχοσωματικά συμπτώματα, ψυχαναγκασμοί, πένθος, διαπροσωπικές δυσκολίες, αντιμετώπιση τραυματικών εμπειριών, ενίσχυση της αυτοπεποίθησης-αυτοεικόνας. Αναλαμβάνει, επίσης, ατομικές συνεδρίες ενηλίκων και εφήβων στο Ψυχοθεραπευτικό κέντρο της Ελληνικής Εταιρείας Έρευνας Συμπεριφοράς - Παράρτημα Μακεδονίας, καθώς και συμμετέχει στο πρόγραμμα της Κοινωνικής Υπηρεσίας ΧΕΝ για την πρόληψη και αντιμετώπιση της ενδοοικογενειακής και ενδοσχολικής βίας. Στα πλαίσια της ακαδημαϊκής της πορείας, έχει συνεργαστεί με την Κοινωνική Υπηρεσία Παιδικής Προστασίας - ΑΡΣΙΣ παρέχοντας ψυχοκοινωνική υποστήριξη σε παιδιά και εφήβους, καθώς και εθελοντικά με πρόγραμμα του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστήμιου με σκοπό την ψυχολογική και κοινωνική ενδυνάμωση μαθητών με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες.

Στοχεύοντας στη συνεχή επιμόρφωση πάνω στην επιστήμη της, παρακολουθεί σεμινάρια και συνέδρια για την ψυχοθεραπεία και την ψυχική υγεία στην ενήλικη και εφηβική ηλικία.

Στο γραφείο της πραγματοποιεί δια ζώσης και online συνεδρίες ενηλίκων και εφήβων.

Kyratsa Anneta is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist and maintains a private practice in Thessaloniki. She holds a degree from the Department of Psychology at the University of East London. She initially trained in the Psychoanalytic - Lacanian Approach at the Freudian Society of Northern Greece and in "Care for Individuals with Dementia and Alzheimer's" at the Metropolitan College. Simultaneously, she trained in Child-Adolescent Psychopathology at the Medical Psychotherapeutic Center and in "Development of Soft Skills & Life Coaching" at the Center for Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. She completed her internship at the Mental Health Center of the Municipality of Evosmos, as well as at the Child Psychiatry Clinic of the General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Hippocrates." She possesses valuable experience and continues to offer her services voluntarily on online platforms and telephone helplines. Additionally, she works as a Psychologist - Psychotherapist on the online psychotherapy platform "TherapyToday.gr" and at the KDAP for Individuals with Disabilities "Foul kids - Athletic Education," while also serving as an external collaborator at the Dietetics - Nutrition Center "MindFood" and at the Nursing Home "Archontiko Geronton," Saint Basil. Her goal is to empower and improve the quality of life of her clients and their families.

Karampasiadou Zoi is a licensed Psychologist and graduate of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, with a specialization in Clinical Psychology as well as School and Developmental Psychology. She holds a Master’s Degree in Human Resource Management from the Hellenic Management Association (EEDE).Her passion for Psychology led her to pursue further training in Psychotherapy through IAOTH, while her interest in the corporate sector motivated her to undertake additional studies in business administration, communication, and economics (EEDE).

She is a licensed Psychologist and is currently further training at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in Stress Management and Health Promotion.She completed her internship at the Junior High School and High School for the Deaf of Thessaloniki, providing individual and group psychological support to children, adolescents, and their families. She has also offered psychological support services to vulnerable social groups within European Union programs for the long-term unemployed and has managed awareness and prevention programs for children, adolescents, and adults at both national and European levels.Over the past four years, she has been training executives and individuals in psychology-related topics focusing on motivation in physical activity, aiming at a holistic approach to well-being and quality of life. She actively participates in conferences and workshops on stress management, bullying prevention and intervention, and the prevention and management of burnout.She collaborates scientifically as a Psychologist with the Panhellenic Association for the Support of Individuals with Obesity “Imeroeessa” and the Scientific Group “Opsometha eis Philippous.”For the past fifteen years, she has also been active in communication and Human Resource Management roles within multinational companies, managing projects both in Greece and abroad.In parallel, she provides private psychological services through individual and group sessions, addressing a wide range of needs.As a Business Consultant, she specializes in recruitment and assessment, the implementation of assessment and development centers, and career transition support (outplacement).As a Psychologist, she provides support in confidence building and personal development, stress and anxiety management, individual and group interventions, couples therapy, smoking cessation support, as well as CV writing and job interview preparation.Her practice is located in the center of Thessaloniki, and all services are also available online through modern digital platforms.

Antigoni Karamvalasi is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist and maintains a private practice in Thessaloniki. She studied Psychology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, from which she graduated with excellent grades (8.52). During her studies, she completed her internship at the "Self-Help Promotion Program" of Thessaloniki, in the field of addictions. Following her studies, she enrolled in the four-year specialization program in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) at the Hellenic Society for Behavioural Research - Macedonia Branch (HSBR-MB), which is certified by the European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (EABCT). She undertakes individual Cognitive Behavioral therapy cases at the "Stirixis" Center. As part of her continuous education, she has attended numerous seminars related to mental health. She holds a Certificate of Specialized Training from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) for completing the programs "Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology" (9 months) and "Sexual Education for Children and Adolescents" (7 months). Since 2023, she has been volunteering at the Social Service of YWCA Thessaloniki, through which she conducts interventions in secondary schools of the city to provide information and raise awareness about issues of bullying and gender-based violence. She holds a professional license to practice psychology with registration number DDYKM/M.E.TH.533579(17678) and maintains a private office in Thessaloniki, offering psychotherapeutic services to adults and adolescents.

Kasidou Pasxalia is a multifaceted professional specializing in Gestalt Psychotherapy, conscious breathing techniques, and therapeutic yoga. Her career is marked by continuous experiential and scientific education and inquiry, personal development, and therapy, aiming for a holistic therapeutic approach to the individual.

Core skills and specializations: Gestalt Psychotherapy: She completed her training at Gestalt Foundation Thessaloniki. She works with individual appointments and group coordination at her private practice.

Conscious Breathing (breathwork): Since 2007, she has been involved with conscious breathing, actively participating in numerous workshops and educational seminars on Conscious Breathing techniques in Greece and abroad. She has been facilitating breathing technique seminars from 2012 to the present and supports individual conscious breathing sessions.

Yoga: Certified instructor with over 1000 hours of training. She specializes in therapeutic yoga and also coordinates yoga teacher trainings (500h).

Alternative philosophies: She has deepened her knowledge in Hatha Yoga, Kriya Yoga, Vipassana Meditation, integrating applied philosophies of Buddhism and Hinduism with contemporary psychotherapeutic methods.

Maurovitou Andromaxi is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist - Child Psychologist with a private practice in the center of Thessaloniki. She holds a degree from the Department of Psychology at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and a Master's degree from the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, specializing in "Developmental Psychopathology of infancy and early childhood." She has received further training in Systemic Psychotherapy and Counseling through a comprehensive training program certified by the E.F.T.A. – European Family Therapy Association and the E.E.P.S.E – National Society of Psychotherapy of Greece. Her professional experience has been enriched by working in various psychological support settings for children and their families as well as adults. One of these includes her many years of work as a Psychologist - Coordinator at the Mother and Child Center of METAdrasi - Action for Migration and Development. Furthermore, respecting the need for continuous education and training in her work, she participates in seminars and training programs and is a member of the Systemic Society of Northern Greece. The practice offers psychotherapy and counseling services both in-person and online. Specifically, there is the possibility for individual psychotherapy and counseling for adults and adolescents, family psychotherapy, parent counseling, and couples counseling. This is an open and well-trained environment ready to listen to and support the concerns of any individual, particularly regarding issues of anxiety and stress, depression, gender identity, interpersonal relationships, grief management, parenting and couples' matters, eating disorders, self-esteem, and self-awareness.

Xristou A Maria Kai Synergates is an Psychotherapist - Art Therapist specializing in Counseling Psychotherapy for children and adults, and maintains a private practice in Thessaloniki. She specializes in therapy and counseling for children, adults, and families, utilizing Art Therapy and Sandplay therapy methods. These two methods can be used in combination with Counseling Psychotherapy to maximize therapeutic outcomes. She obtained her master's degree in Expressive Psychotherapy in 2000 from Lesley University in Cambridge, United States. Since then, she has worked for over ten years as an Art Therapist both in the USA and Greece. Specifically, from 1989 to 2004, she worked at organizations including Summer Camp Organization (Stockholm, Sweden), Alsten School (Stockholm, Sweden), Ilex / Vinfen Corporation (Massachusetts, USA), Arlington Youth Counseling Center (Massachusetts, USA), YWCA (X.E.N., Maryland, USA), North Charles Inc., Mental Health & Addiction Services (Massachusetts, USA), and Turnaround Inc. (Baltimore, Maryland, USA). The specialist speaks Greek, Swedish, and English. She is a certified Art Therapist by the US Art Therapy Credentials Board and a member of the International Expressive Arts Therapy Association and the Swedish Family Therapy Association.

Valla Faii is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist and maintains a private practice in Thessaloniki at 10 Tsimiski Street. She has completed undergraduate studies in Psychology and postgraduate studies in Neuroscience, focusing on the integration of basic research with clinical application at the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Her thesis concerns the functional connectivity of the brain in patients with Schizophrenia. Among other qualifications, she has attended the introductory lecture series in Psychoanalysis by the Hellenic Psychoanalytic Society and has participated in activities of the Northern Greece Psychoanalytic Society. She has gained valuable experience through her collaboration with an institution for individuals with intellectual disabilities, as well as through her work in a mental health facility serving patients with psychiatric disorders. Throughout her career, she has engaged with the pediatric population, collaborating with specialized therapy centers for children and adolescents and providing parental counseling sessions. Additionally, she worked as an evaluating psychologist in the "Personal Assistant" program for people with disabilities, offering supportive services. Concurrently, she is a trainee member at the European Institute of Counseling and Psychotherapy of Chania, specializing in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. She receives continuous supervision and personal analysis.

Papaioannou Giouli is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist for adults, children, and adolescents, maintaining a private practice in Thessaloniki at 3 Grigoriou Palama Street (City Center). She holds a degree in Psychology from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and a Master's degree (MSc) in Child & Adolescent Mental Health from King's College London, UK.

She has received further training in Postmodern Systemic Approaches, such as Narrative Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and the Collaborative-Dialogical Approach, at the Solution-Focused Therapy Center "Bienestar" in Thessaloniki. Additionally, she has completed a two-year cycle of Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalytic Practice at the Northern Greece Psychoanalytic Society (NGPS). Finally, she participates in the Annual Infant Observation Seminar of the same institution (NGPS), which includes weekly infant observation within the family environment and participation in a supervision group for understanding early mental mechanisms and non-verbal communication.

She possesses extensive clinical experience, having worked in various settings and organizations for children, adolescents, and adults in both the UK and Greece. Her most recent engagement involved supporting students and staff at the American College of Thessaloniki (ACT).

She receives ongoing supervision and personal analysis.

Papigkioti Kleoniki MSc is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist who maintains a private practice in Thessaloniki. She graduated from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, specializing in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. From the beginning of her career, she was deeply moved by supporting individuals experiencing difficulties, which led her to work both professionally and through internships in organizations that protect children and women who have suffered abuse. She has focused on clinical training in Mental Health through her participation in postgraduate programs at Papageorgiou Hospital, as well as at Aeginiteio Hospital, while simultaneously enriching her clinical experience through her master's degree in Clinical Mental Health at the School of Medicine of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Throughout her professional career, she has worked therapeutically with children, adolescents, and adults, supporting individuals of all ages and identities in their unique challenges. What she loves most about her work is walking alongside each person on their path of self-awareness and self-management, creating a safe space for meaningful change and development.

Pinelopi Kitsou is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist and maintains her private practice in Thessaloniki. She holds a degree in Psychology from the Department of Psychology at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. She has specialized in Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy and has completed the Postgraduate Program in Adolescent Medicine and Adolescent Health Care at the School of Medicine of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. In her private practice, she handles a wide range of cases, always focusing on providing the best possible service tailored to the individualized needs of each person she undertakes.

Poleni Marina is a Psychologist - Psychotherapist and maintains a private practice in Thessaloniki. She holds a degree in Psychology from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and has subsequently completed postgraduate studies (MSc) in Counseling Psychology at the University of Thessaly. As part of her ongoing professional development in the field of Psychology, she continuously attends seminars and conferences. She has worked as a Psychologist in various institutions in Athens and Thessaloniki, such as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) "Zeuxis" and the Therapeutic Center for Dependent Individuals - KETHEA Strofi. With a focus on continuous training and appropriately responding to the psychological needs of individuals, she has been providing professional support to adults and adolescents since 2019. Consistency, respect, and collaboration are characteristics of her professional identity.

Η Παλαιοχωρινού Κωνσταντίνα είναι πιστοποιημένη Ψυχολόγος και Εικαστική Ψυχοθεραπεύτρια με ψυχοδυναμική προσέγγιση, προσφέροντας έναν μοναδικό συνδυασμό θεραπευτικών μεθόδων που ενσωματώνουν τη δύναμη της δημιουργικότητας και της συναισθηματικής εξερεύνησης.

Με χρόνια εμπειρίας, εργάζεται με άτομα όλων των ηλικιών — παιδιά, εφήβους και ενήλικες — προσφέροντας εξατομικευμένες υπηρεσίες θεραπείας που στοχεύουν στην ίαση και την ψυχολογική ενδυνάμωση.

Η προσέγγισή της επικεντρώνεται στην κατανόηση των βαθύτερων, ασυνείδητων διαδικασιών που διαμορφώνουν τα συναισθήματα, τις συμπεριφορές και τις σχέσεις μας. Είτε αντιμετωπίζονται άγχη, κατάθλιψη, τραύμα ή δυσκολίες στις σχέσεις, η Κωνσταντίνα Παλαιοχωρινού προσφέρει έναν ασφαλή και υποστηρικτικό χώρο για να εξερευνηθούν οι ανησυχίες και να επιτευχθούν ουσιαστικές αλλαγές.

Εκτός από τη θεραπεία ατόμων, εξειδικεύεται στη συμβουλευτική σχέσεων και ζευγαριών, βοηθώντας τα ζευγάρια να αντιμετωπίσουν τις προκλήσεις τους και να βελτιώσουν την επικοινωνία και τη σύνδεσή τους. Επίσης, συντονίζει ομαδικές συνεδρίες ψυχοθεραπείας, προσφέροντας συλλογική ίαση και αμοιβαία υποστήριξη.

Η Κωνσταντίνα Παλαιοχωρινού κατέχει Μεταπτυχιακό στη Διοίκηση Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού (MSc), το οποίο προσφέρει επιπλέον διάσταση στην εργασία της, ειδικά στην κατανόηση της δυναμικής στον εργασιακό χώρο και στην υποστήριξη ατόμων που αντιμετωπίζουν επαγγελματικές προκλήσεις.

Είναι μέλος του Βρετανικού Συλλόγου Ψυχολόγων και της Ψυχολογικής Εταιρείας Βορείου Ελλάδος.

Οι συνεδρίες πραγματοποιούνται σε ένα ασφαλές και υποστηρικτικό περιβάλλον στο γραφείο της, στην οδό Ικτίνου 3, στο κέντρο της Θεσσαλονίκης, δια ζώσης ή διαδικτυακά.

Κάθε συνεδρία πραγματοποιείται κατόπιν ραντεβού και με σεβασμό στις ανάγκες και το προσωπικό πρόγραμμα κάθε ατόμου, διασφαλίζοντας επαγγελματική και εξειδικευμένη θεραπεία.

Lampardis Pasxalis is a Psychologist and author with a private practice in Thessaloniki. He studied Psychology and completed postgraduate studies in Clinical and Community Psychology at the University of East London, specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Additionally, he has undertaken introductory training in Person-Centered Psychotherapy at the Hellenic Center for Focusing, Psychoanalytic Therapy at the Freudian Society of Northern Greece, and Art Therapy at the Art Therapy Studio. He has extensive experience working with human behavior and the treatment of mental disorders, as well as authoring literary books related to psychology. In therapy, his primary priority is the effective management of each individual's psychological issues to alleviate distress and facilitate better coping with their difficulties. Within a framework of safety, trust, and respect for the uniqueness of each person, potential solutions to any issue are explored.

Pagkoutsou Konstantina M.Sc. is a Psychologist and Specialist Cognitive Analytic Psychotherapist, licensed to practice by the Region of Central Macedonia, with postgraduate specialization in Counseling Psychology. She studied in the Department of Psychology at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and completed postgraduate studies in "Counseling Psychology and Counseling in Special Education, Education, and Health" at the University of Thessaly, while currently specializing in Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT). She has completed over 1,500 hours of practical training at the General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Hippocrates," the Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki, and the Center for Addiction Prevention and Psychosocial Health Promotion "PYXIDA." Additionally, she has volunteered at numerous mental health organizations, such as The Smile of the Child, the Women’s Shelter, and the Society for the Protection of Minors in Thessaloniki. In recent years, she has worked as a counselor-psychologist at the Counseling Service of the University of Thessaly and as an auxiliary teaching and research staff member at the University of Macedonia. Moreover, she has worked in Special Therapy Centers, providing psychological support sessions to children and adolescents, as well as parent counseling sessions. She has attended numerous trainings and seminars on adult and child-adolescent mental health and currently offers online and in-person counseling and psychological support sessions.

Η Μαρία Σαββίδου είναι Ψυχολόγος, Κλινικής - Κοινωνικής κατεύθυνσης και κάτοχος Άδειας Ασκήσεως Επαγγέλματος Ψυχολόγου. Αποφοίτησε από το Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (2009), ενώ έλαβε υποτροφία από το University of Groningen της Ολλανδίας. Από το 2016, διατηρεί ιδιωτικό γραφείο στο κέντρο της Θεσσαλονίκης, όπου παρέχει υπηρεσίες ψυχολογικής υποστήριξης σε ενήλικες, εφήβους και παιδιά.

Εξειδικεύτηκε στην Μουσικοθεραπεία (ΜΑ) στο τμήμα Μουσικής και Κοινωνίας του Πανεπιστημίου Μακεδονίας και η θεραπευτική της προσέγγιση βασίζεται στο ανθρωπιστικό μοντέλο, με κεντρικούς άξονες την αποδοχή, την ενσυναίσθηση και την αυθεντική θεραπευτική σχέση. Παράλληλα, αξιοποιεί και στοιχεία από διαφορετικές θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις, όπως είναι η Ψυχανάλυση, η Γνωστική - συμπεριφορική θεραπεία (CBT) και η Νευροψυχολογία, ανάλογα με το εξατομικευμένο πλάνο και το θεραπευτικό αίτημα. Ακόμη, μέσα από την κλινική της εμπειρία, εξειδικεύτηκε στις μαθησιακές δυσκολίες, την κατάθλιψη και τις διαταραχές άγχους.

Σημαντικό σταθμό στην πορεία της αποτελεί η κλινική της άσκηση στην Παιδοψυχιατρική Κλινική του Νοσοκομείου Παπανικολάου Θεσσαλονίκης, όπου εργάστηκε ως Μουσικοθεραπεύτρια και συνέβαλε στη διαμόρφωση και εφαρμογή καινοτόμων θεραπευτικών παρεμβάσεων σε πανελλήνιο επίπεδο.

Επέλεξε επίσης να εξειδικευτεί και στη Συμβουλευτική Σταδιοδρομίας, καθώς πιστεύει ότι η επαγγελματική ζωή είναι πολύ σημαντική και δύναται να επηρεάσει την ψυχικής μας υγεία. Η δυνατότητα να υποστηρίζει εφήβους και ενήλικες σε κρίσιμες αποφάσεις ζωής και να τους βοηθάει να ενισχύσουν την αυτογνωσία τους, αλλά και να ευθυγραμμίσουν τις επιλογές με τις αξίες τους και τις δυνατότητές τους, αποτέλεσε για εκείνη μια προέκταση του θεραπευτικού της έργου.

Επιπλέον, έχει εργαστεί στο Συμβουλευτικό Σταθμό Νέων Ν. Κοζάνης, στο Πρόγραμμα Προαγωγής Αυτοβοήθειας (ΑΠΘ), στο Κέντρο Πρόληψης και Συμβουλευτικής Θεσσαλονίκης και σε άλλες εθελοντικές, δημόσιες και ιδιωτικές δομές.

Η επιλογή της επιστήμης της Ψυχολογίας ήταν μια συνειδητή απόφαση από νεαρή ηλικία, καθώς είχε έντονο ενδιαφέρον για την ανθρώπινη επικοινωνία, τη συναισθηματική κατανόηση και τις διαπροσωπικές σχέσεις. Μέχρι και σήμερα, συνεχίζει να επιμορφώνεται και να είναι ενεργή στο ερευνητικό πεδίο, με σκοπό να κατανοεί σε μεγαλύτερο βάθος τον άνθρωπο - τις σκέψεις, τα συναισθήματα και τις σχέσεις του, αλλά και το πως αυτά επηρεάζονται από το εκάστοτε κοινωνικό και πολιτισμικό πλαίσιο.

Για εκείνη, η ψυχολογία δεν είναι απλά μια επαγγελματική επιλογή, αλλά μια διαρκής πορεία γνώσης και ουσιαστικής ανθρώπινης σύνδεσης. Αντιλαμβάνεται τη θεραπευτική διαδικασία ως ένα ζωντανό χώρο συνάντησης, όπου η δυσκολία μπορεί να ειπωθεί με ασφάλεια και ο άνθρωπος να ξαναβρεί τη σχέση με τον εαυτό του σε ένα πλαίσιο αποδοχής, σεβασμού και ουσιαστικής παρουσίας.