Orthopaedic - Orthopaedic Surgeons including treatment for children under 12 years near Voula

Antoniadou Thekla is an Orthopedic Surgeon and a PhD candidate at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), with a private practice in Palaio Faliro. She graduated from the Medical School of the University of Patras and completed postgraduate studies in "Exercise and Health" at the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She specialized at the 1st University Orthopedic Clinic of the Attikon University General Hospital. Her specialization continued at the Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute and the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York. She has received a scholarship from the Hellenic Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery and

Hellenic Society of Hand Surgery and Upper Limb and has undergone further training in Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery at Queen Victoria Hospital, NHS Trust in the United Kingdom. Finally, she possesses significant clinical experience, having worked in hospitals in the United Kingdom, and currently serves as an Orthopedic Surgeon at the Athens Medical Center and as a scientific associate of the 1st University Orthopedic Clinic of the University of Athens.

Dr. Lepetsos Panagiotis is an Orthopedic Surgeon and maintains his private practice in Neo Irakleio. He is a consultant at the Athens Medical Center. The physician graduated from the Medical School of the University of Athens, holds a Master's Degree in Metabolic Bone Diseases, and a PhD in Knee Osteoarthritis. He has worked and specialized in the 4th Orthopedic Clinic of KAT Hospital, the Microsurgery Clinic of KAT Hospital, as well as the Pediatric Orthopedic Clinic of the "Agia Sofia" Children's Hospital. He has specialized in reconstructive hip and knee surgery through a salaried fellowship of the International Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SICOT). He has worked as a consultant at KAT Hospital (2017 – 2019). He has more than 50 publications in international scientific journals and more than 200 presentations and lectures at international and Greek orthopedic conferences. He has been awarded five times by the Hellenic Orthopedic Society. He is a reviewer for 40 international scientific journals. He has participated in numerous seminars and scientific conferences in Greece and abroad.

Sopilidis Georgios is an Orthopedic Surgeon with a private practice in Nea Filadelfeia. He graduated from the State Medical University of Kazakhstan. He specializes in knee and shoulder arthroscopy, pediatric orthopedics, knee and hip arthroplasty, spinal disorders, fracture surgery, and traumatology. Additionally, the physician collaborates with the Central Clinic of Athens and is a member of the Athens Medical Association.

Mprilakis Emmanouil is an Orthopedic Surgeon who maintains two private practices, in Palaio Faliro and Psychiko. He holds a PhD and is a graduate of the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He possesses the "Advanced Trauma Life Support" and “Musculoskeletal Ultrasound” certifications from the American College of Surgeons and the Burwin Institute of Canada, respectively. He specializes in large joint arthroplasty (hip, knee, shoulder), knee and shoulder arthroscopy, and sports injuries. His expertise in the surgery of these joints is attributed to his advanced training in innovative surgical techniques. Additionally, he has served as the Orthopedic Surgeon for the Olympiacos Piraeus women's basketball team (for 2 years) and for "Panionios GS" (for 7 years), and has collaborated with numerous high-level teams and athletes. He is the Deputy Director of the 3rd Orthopedic Clinic at "Hygeia" Hospital and the Athens Center for Arthroscopy and Shoulder Surgery. He serves as the Secretary of the Sports Injuries Department of the Hellenic Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology and is a member of committees of both the European (ESSKA) and the International (ISAKOS) Societies of Sports Injuries. Finally, he is an active member of 14 Greek and international scientific societies, has published numerous scientific articles and presentations in Greek and international journals, and has delivered lectures at Greek and international sports medicine conferences.

Dr. Paraskeuakos Grigorios is an Orthopedic Surgeon who has maintained a private practice in Nikaia since 2005. He is a graduate of the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and completed his residency at the General Hospital of Attica KAT. Additionally, he specialized in General Surgery in the Pediatric Surgery Department of the General Hospital of Piraeus "Tzaneio" and further specialized in the Microsurgery Department of the General Hospital of Attica KAT. The physician continuously updates his knowledge in orthopedic matters through ongoing participation in osteoporosis and general orthopedics seminars both in Greece and abroad. Finally, his private clinic offers a wide range of services, tailored to the individual needs of each patient.

Panagiotis Papagiannopoulos MD, MSc, F.E.B.O.T. is an Orthopedic Surgeon who maintains a private practice in Piraeus. He is a graduate of the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and holds a Master’s Degree (MSc) in Health Unit Management from the Hellenic Open University. Additionally, he has obtained the title of Fellow of the E.B.O.T. (European Board of Orthopaedics and Traumatology) following examinations conducted by the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (E.F.O.R.T.). He has served as an Attending Orthopedic Surgeon at the Vitos Clinic Kassel in Germany and as an Attending Physician at the Sports Injuries Clinic of Metropolitan General. In his private practice, he manages a wide range of cases and provides specialized medical services including, among others, sports injuries, arthroscopic surgery of the knee and shoulder, and minimally invasive hip and knee arthroplasty.

Pathiakis Ioannis Md, MSc, PhD is an Orthopedic Surgeon who maintains a private practice in Peristeri. He holds a medical degree from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and has obtained two postgraduate degrees in "Minimally Invasive Surgery, Robotic Surgery & Tele-surgery Medicine" and "Surgical Anatomy" from the Medical School of the same university. Additionally, he holds a Doctorate from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in the Department of Anatomy. He is specialized in Robotic Knee and Hip Surgery and in Microsurgical Bloodless Carpal Tunnel Release and holds a diploma in Medical Acupuncture from the Scientific Association of Medical Acupuncturists of Greece. He has completed training at numerous hospitals, while his specialty was completed in General Surgery at the General Hospital of Ierapetra. Furthermore, during his career, he has taught courses on First Aid, Traumatology, and musculoskeletal injuries at the IEK of Siteia and at the Volunteer Corps of Samaritans and Rescuers of Siteia, respectively. Finally, as part of his continuous education and updating in microsurgery and medical acupuncture, the physician regularly attends medical conferences, earning personal honorary distinctions.

Beyond Medicine, he holds a degree in Social Theology from the Theological School of Athens.

Dr. Anagnostou Konstantinos, MD, is an Orthopedic Surgeon with a private practice in Argyroupoli. He is a PhD candidate at the Medical School of the University of Patras and a graduate of the same institution. He obtained his Orthopedic Surgeon title in 2013 from the University Orthopedic Clinic at the University General Hospital of Rio, Patras, while part of his specialization was also completed at the "P. & A. Kyriakou" General Children's Hospital of Athens. In addition to his private practice, Dr. Anagnostou collaborates with MITERA Hospital - HYGEIA Group, serving as the Consultant of the 4th Orthopedic Clinic - Sports Injuries and Knee and Hip Arthroplasties. He has participated in a large number of conferences, educational seminars, and projects, focusing primarily on upper limb disorders and injuries, as well as sports injuries. Finally, he is a member of the Athens Medical Association, the Hellenic Society of Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology, the Hellenic Arthroscopy Society, and AO TRAUMA.

Ο Κωνσταντίνος Μπαρμπαγιάννης είναι Ορθοπαιδικός Χειρουργός - Τραυματιολόγος - Αθλητίατρος , απόφοιτος της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης και της Στρατιωτικής Σχολής Αξιωματικών Σωμάτων (ΣΣΑΣ). Εκπαιδεύτηκε αρχικά ως ειδικευόμενος στην Ορθοπαιδική κλινική του Ναυτικού Νοσοκομείου Αθηνών και ακολούθως, σε έμμισθη θέση πλήρους απασχόλησης ( Specialty Registrar) για χρονικό διάστημα 5 ετών, στη Μεγάλη Βρετανία, όπου και ολοκλήρωσε την εκπαίδευση του στους τομείς της τραυματιολογίας, επανορθωτικής χειρουργικής μεγάλων αρθρώσεων (αρθροπλαστική ισχίου, γόνατος και ώμου), καθώς και αθλητικών κακώσεων, παθήσεων της σπονδυλικής στήλης, σε νοσοκομεία του Λονδίνου (Stanmore RNOH, Whittington Health NHS Trust). Ιδιαίτερο αντικείμενο παράλληλης μετεκπαίδευσης του για χρονικό διάστημα 3 ετών αποτέλεσε η χειρουργική ώμου και αγκώνος, σε εξειδικευμένα κέντρα του Λονδίνου (RNOH and Spire Bushey Shoulder and Elbow Unit). Στα πλαίσια αυτά, αποτέλεσε μέλος της χειρουργικής ομάδας, ως clinical fellow, του διεθνούς φήμης χειρουργού Mr. Simon Lambert, με αντικείμενο την αντιμετώπιση όλου του φάσματος παθήσεων του ώμου και του αγκώνος (αρθροπλαστική ώμου, επανορθωτική χειρουργική, αρθροσκοπικη αποκατάσταση) με παράλληλη ερευνητική δραστηριότητα και δημοσιεύσεις σε διεθνή επιστημονικά περιοδικά. Ο γιατρός είναι Επιμελητής της Ορθοπαιδικής Κλινικής του Ναυτικού Νοσοκομείου Αθηνών. Ο γιατρός διατηρεί ιδιωτικό ιατρείο στο Περιστέρι από το 2017 με την επωνυμία ‘’ Athens Orthopaedic Practice’’. Διαθέτει εκτεταμένη εμπειρία στη χειρουργική θεραπεία ευρέος φάσματος ορθοπαιδικών παθήσεων, με περισσότερες από 4000 επεμβάσεις στο ενεργητικό του και αντικειμενική του επιδίωξη είναι η βέλτιστη και εξατομικευμένη θεραπευτική προσέγγιση με τα πλέον σύγχρονα μέσα των παθήσεων και απαιτήσεων των ασθενών του. O γιατρός, εκτός από την κλινική του δραστηριότητα, συμμετέχει σε τακτική βάση σε εκπαιδευτικά σεμινάρια και διατηρεί εκτεταμένη επιστημονική δραστηριότητα με τη συγγραφή άρθρων σε διεθνούς κύρους επιστημονικά περιοδικά.

Dr. Nikolaos Tzinieris, MD, MSc, FMH, is an Orthopedic Surgeon who maintains private practices at Mavili Square and in Peristeri. He is the Director of the 2nd ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC - Upper Limb, Hand, and Microsurgery Clinic at the "Errikos Dynan" Hospital Center. He graduated from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. During his specialty training, he was also trained at the University Clinic of Hôpital Orthopédique in Lausanne and subsequently was appointed as Assistant Consultant B’ at the Upper Limb-Hand and Microsurgery Clinic of KAT Hospital. He completed his subspecialty training in Upper Limb and Spine Surgery at the University Hospital of Lausanne and served as Consultant at the University Hand and Microsurgery Surgical Clinic Longeraie in Lausanne and at the CH8 Clinic in Geneva, while simultaneously working at major private medical centers in French-speaking Switzerland. Upon returning to Greece, he collaborated with his mentor, N. Gerostathopoulos, and together they established the 2nd Orthopedic Clinic of Errikos Dynan Hospital, assembling an exceptionally esteemed team of experienced and accomplished associates. To this day, he continues to collaborate with surgical centers in Switzerland. Throughout his career, he has delivered numerous lectures and presentations at Greek and international conferences and serves as an instructor in postgraduate training seminars. He also holds a Master's degree, has an extensive number of publications, and is a member of the Swiss Society of Orthopedic Surgeons, the Swiss Medical Association, the American Association for Hand Surgery (AAHS), and the American Spine Surgery Society.

Orthopedic Surgeon Mpekas Georgios maintains private clinics in Pangrati, Agioi Anargyroi, and Palaio Faliro. He graduated from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and subsequently attended a postgraduate program in Metabolic Bone Diseases. He specialized in General Surgery at the General Hospital of Messolonghi "Chatzikosta" and in Orthopedics at the General Hospital "Asklipieio" Voula and the Children's General Hospital "Panagiotis & Aglaia Kyriakou," where he also engaged in Pediatric Orthopedics. Additionally, he completed a six-month specialization in the Microsurgery - Upper Limb department at the Attica General Hospital KAT. He has worked as an Orthopedic Surgeon Consultant at Metropolitan Hospital. The physician holds an Advanced Life Trauma Support diploma and is a member of the Hellenic Osteoporosis Foundation. Besides his private clinics in Pangrati and Agioi Anargyroi, Mpekas Georgios also works as an Orthopedic Surgeon at the Athens Medical Center (Marousi Clinic) and as an Associate Orthopedic Surgeon at the private clinic REA. Concurrently, he works as a Pediatric Orthopedic Consultant at the Pediatric Center of Athens (Athens Medical Group). The physician approaches each case with particular sensitivity, providing appropriate treatment tailored to the specific needs of each patient and their condition. He undertakes the surgical management of emergency orthopedic cases (fractures). Furthermore, his medical team manages numerous elective orthopedic surgical cases (arthroscopies, total arthroplasties, upper limb microsurgery, sports injuries). Finally, modern biological therapies (PRP, hyaluronic acid and cortisone injections) are performed in the clinic.

Dr. Sinnis Gerasimos is an Orthopedic Surgeon - Traumatologist who has maintained a private practice in Ampelokipi since October 2014. He holds a medical degree from the University of Bologna in Italy. He specialized in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology at the General Hospital of Athens "Evangelismos," followed by training in the Microsurgery and Hand Department of the General Hospital of Attica KAT, and finally at the 2nd Orthopedic Clinic of the Children's General Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou." For two years (05/2012 - 04/2014), he completed paid postgraduate training in hip and knee reconstructive surgery in Bologna, Italy, at the private clinic Casa di Cura "Villa Erbosa" (San Donato Hospital Group), in the Clinic for Degenerative and Dysplastic Hip Diseases, under the supervision of Professor Roberto Binazzi. From 02/2022 to 10/2023, he served as a physician for the football team of P.A.E. Panathinaikos, while from 09/2015 to 10/2019 he was head of the medical department of the P.A.E. Panathinaikos Academy, gaining significant experience with sports injuries in children and adults. He holds a postgraduate degree titled "Metabolic Bone Diseases" from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and is a final-year student in the postgraduate program "Exercise and Health" at the same institution.

Mr. Siopis Xristos is an Orthopedic Surgeon with private practices in Thessaloniki (28 Agias Sofias, 2nd Floor) and Veria (32 El. Venizelou, 3rd Floor). He is a graduate of the Medical School of the University of Thessaly. Since 2021, he has been a Collaborating Surgeon at the A’ Orthopedic Clinic of the Interbalkan Medical Center of Thessaloniki and a direct collaborator of Dr. Stylianos Kapetanakis in the Spine & Deformities Department. Simultaneously, he serves as a Collaborating Physician at the Athens Medical Center in Marousi and Psychiko. He specializes in knee and hip arthroplasties with customized implants, spinal surgery, knee and shoulder arthroscopies, as well as pediatric orthopedics. In his private practices, he provides a wide range of services tailored to the individual needs of each patient, always with respect to the patient himself.

Athanasopoulos Konstantinos MD, MSc is an Orthopedic Surgeon maintaining private practices in Piraeus and Galata Troizinia, while also collaborating with the Athens Medical Group (Peristeri clinic) and the sports injury center at Mediterraneo Hospital. He is certified in robotic knee and hip arthroplasty using the most advanced robotic system worldwide, the only one with FDA certification in the USA for robotic total joint revision arthroplasty. He holds a postgraduate degree in “Metabolic Bone Diseases” from the Medical School of Athens and graduated in Medicine from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila". He specialized in Orthopedics and Traumatology at the General Hospital of Piraeus “Tzaneio” and in Pediatric Orthopedics at the Children’s Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou", and after successful examinations where he ranked first in Attica, he obtained the title of orthopedic specialty. He served as an instructor at the Special Training Center for Health Professionals in the Orthopedics and Traumatology department of the General Hospital of Piraeus "Tzaneio" regarding the implementation of a preventive screening program for scoliosis and other spinal deformities in students. Additionally, he has participated as a speaker and trainee in numerous conferences and seminars in Greece. His areas of expertise include arthroscopic surgery, robotic knee and hip arthroplasty, as well as robotic knee and hip revision surgery with Fast-Track ERAS protocols for rapid return to activities, and minimally invasive surgery.

Klaudianos Dionysios is an Orthopedic Surgeon with private clinics in Haidari and Nikaia and serves as a collaborator at the Peristeri Medical Center. He is a PhD candidate at the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and holds a degree from the same institution's Medical School. He has specialized in knee arthroscopy, hip and knee arthroplasty, and has significant experience in the management and restoration of fractures. Additionally, he treats cases of osteoporosis as well as knee osteoarthritis using concentrated platelets - growth factors derived from adipose tissue. Finally, the physician has attended numerous international conferences related to sports injuries and their surgical treatment.

Mitrogiannis Georgios is an Orthopedic Surgeon specializing in Adults and Pediatrics – Sports Medicine Physician, maintaining a private practice in Nea Ionia. Concurrently, he works as a Consultant in the Pediatric Orthopedic Clinic at IASO Children’s Hospital. He holds a medical degree from the University of Ioannina School of Medicine and is a doctoral candidate at the School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He completed his specialty training in Orthopedics and Traumatology at the General Children’s Hospital "Panagiotis & Aglaia Kyriakou," the Korgialenio-Benakio Greek Red Cross Hospital, and the General Athens Hospital "Evangelismos," where, following the receipt of his Orthopedic Specialty certification, he remained for an additional two years as a Specialist Orthopedic Surgeon. During his residency, he received extensive training in managing injuries of all severities, sports-related injuries, and arthroplasties, actively participating in a large number of surgical procedures across the full spectrum of Orthopedics. He holds the Barca Innovation Hub Professional Diploma in Team Sports Injuries and the FIFA Diploma in Football Medicine, confirming his advanced expertise in sports medicine. In 2023, he served as a physician for the AEK Football Club, and from September 2024 to the present, he has been the team physician for the Academies of Panathinaikos Football Club. He also has a robust scientific portfolio with publications and presentations at Greek and international medical conferences and journals.

Ο Κουτσουράδης Παναγιώτης MD, MSc είναι Ορθοπαιδικός Χειρουργός με ιδιωτικό ιατρείο στο Παλαιό Φάληρο. Είναι πτυχιούχος της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών και εργάστηκε ως ειδικευόμενος Γενικής Χειρουργικής στη Β΄Χειρουργική Κλινική του Ειδικού Αντικαρκινικού Νοσοκομείου Πειραιά "Μεταξά". Μετέπειτα έγινε δεκτός στο University College of London (UCL), όπου και παρακολούθησε το μεταπτυχιακό πρόγραμμα με αντικείμενο την αθλητιατρική και τις αθλητικές κακώσεις (Sports Medicine, Exercise and Health). Παράλληλα, παρακολουθούσε και συμμετείχε σε χειρουργικές επεμβάσεις που λάμβαναν χώρα στο University College Hospital του Λονδίνου. Κατόπιν εξετάσεων και εκπόνησης της μεταπτυχιακής διατριβής του με τίτλο "A Service Evaluation On Outcome Predictors To A Non-operative Multimodal Programme For Knee Osteoarthritis", έγινε κάτοχος του τίτλου Master of Science (MSc) in Sports Medicine, Exercise and Health. Απέκτησε τον τίτλο ειδικότητας κατόπιν εξετάσεων τον Μάιο του 2019. Aπό το 2014 έως το 2019, ειδικεύτηκε στην Ορθοπαιδική Χειρουργική και Τραυματολογία. Συγκεκριμένα εργάστηκε για 4 έτη στην Ορθοπαιδική Κλινική του 417 ΝΙΜΤΣ και για 1 έτος στην Α΄ Ορθοπαιδική Κλινική του Νοσοκομείου Παίδων "Η Αγία Σοφία". Κατά τη διάρκεια του ανωτέρω χρονικού διαστήματος εκπαιδεύτηκε σε όλο το φάσμα της Χειρουργικής Ορθοπαιδικής και Τραυματολογίας και ιδιαίτερα στην αρθροσκοπική και επανορθωτική χειρουργική ενηλίκων. Από τον Ιούλιο του 2019 έως και τον Μάιο του 2024 εργαζόταν ως Επιμελητής στην Κλινική Επανορθωτικής Χειρουργικής Ποδιού και Ποδοκνημικής του ιδιωτικού θεραπευτηρίου Mediterraneo Hospital στη Γλυφάδα, ενώ από τον Ιούνιο του 2024 κατέχει ανάλογη θέση στο Ιατρικό Κέντρο Αθηνών(Παλαιό Φάληρο). Από το Φεβρουάριο του 2019 ο ιατρός είναι υποψήφιος διδάκτωρ της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών.Είναι συγγραφέας εννέα δημοσιεύσεων σε διεθνή αναγνωρισμένα επιστημονικά περιοδικά, καθώς και άλλων εργασιών και ανακοινώσεων σε ελληνικά επιστημονικά συνέδρια. Τέλος, στα πλαίσια της συνεχούς πρακτικής και θεωρητικής του εκπαίδευσης έχει εκπαιδευθεί και πιστοποιηθεί σε διάφορα courses που έλαβαν χώρα στην Ελλάδα και στο εξωτερικό, ενώ παράλληλα έχει παρακολουθήσει και παρακολουθεί διάφορα επιμορφωτικά σεμινάρια.

Dr. Tsapakidis Giannis was born in Larisa in 1975 and graduated from the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 2000. He completed his Orthopedic specialty residency at Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, with part of his training conducted at KAT Hospital and Charing Cross Hospital in London. He received a scholarship from AO and worked as a Fellow at the Sports Injuries and Trauma Center of Queens Medical Centre University Hospital in Nottingham. He is a PhD candidate at the University of Athens and a member of AO ALUMNI. Since 2006, he has served as the team physician for the women's basketball team “ESPERIDES” Kallithea (Women’s A1 Basketball Champion for 2006-07 and 2008-09 and Greek Cup Winner for 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, and 2008-09). From 2015 to 2018, he was part of the medical team covering orthopedic concerns for the athletes of KAE AEK. Since 2013, he has provided medical coverage for the basketball team PROTEAS VOULAS and from 2015 to 2025 served as the medical provider for the athletes of the basketball team KAE AMAROUSIOU. From 2021 to 2023, he was the team physician for the WOMEN'S NATIONAL BASKETBALL TEAM, and from 2022 to 2024 for the team of PANIONIOS B.C. Previously, he was part of the medical team covering orthopedic needs of the athletes of KAE PANELLINIOS from 2008 to 2011 and the Cultural and Sports Center “DAIS.” Subsequently, from 2018 to 2022, he provided medical coverage to the athletes of MELLISION and since 2018 to the athletes of ESPEROS B.C. Finally, starting this year, he has been the medical provider for the amateur club PANATHINAIKOS A.O. He has attended specialized seminars/workshops in Traumatology, Microsurgery, and Arthroscopic Surgery both in Greece and abroad. He has participated with publications/presentations in Greek and International scientific conferences and journals.

Dimitrios Mpazios is an Orthopedic Surgeon - Traumatologist with a private practice in Peristeri. He is a graduate of the Medical School of the University of Ioannina. The doctor specializes in arthroplasty, arthroscopy, sports injuries, spinal disorders, pediatric orthopedics, and traumatology. Additionally, patients can visit his modern clinic for conditions such as sports injuries, cervical syndrome, sciatica, shoulder dislocation, anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus tears, spinal stenosis, scoliosis and kyphosis, osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and shoulder, herniated disc, among others. Finally, his specialized services include meniscus, cruciate ligament, and chondropathy arthroscopy, osteoporosis screening, intra-articular injections, cast application, as well as monitoring of kyphosis, spondylolysis, and spondylolisthesis.