Gynecologists - Obstetricians for Contraception

Papaleksiou Ksenofon is a Gynecologist - Obstetrician who maintains private practices in Thessaloniki. He graduated with honors from Medical School and obtained, following examinations, the title of Surgeon Gynecologist - Obstetrician. The doctor holds certification from KESY for performing gynecological - obstetric ultrasound, after completing further training at the 3rd University Clinic of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Currently, he also serves as a scientific associate of the Obstetrics - Gynecology Clinic "Genesis," the General Clinic of Thessaloniki, and the Bioclinic of Thessaloniki.

Panagiotis Kofinakos is a Gynecologist - Obstetrician - Surgeon who maintains a private practice in Peristeri, while also collaborating with the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic "Rea". He holds a PhD from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He has participated in numerous scientific conferences in Greece and Europe. He has contributed to many Greek and international scientific presentations and workshops, and has participated in various scientific studies published in reputable medical journals. Additionally, he is involved in scientific teams on online forums dedicated to educating women on Obstetrics and Gynecology topics. Finally, the doctor is a member of the Medical Association of Athens, the Association of Obstetricians - Gynecologists of Greece, the Hellenic Society for the Study of Climacteric and Menopause, the Hellenic Obstetrics and Gynecological Society, and the Hellenic Society of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy.

Η Δεσποτίδη Αθανασία είναι Μαιευτήρας - Χειρουργός Γυναικολόγος και Ειδικός στην Υποβοηθούμενη Αναπαραγωγή με ιδιωτικό ιατρείο στην Αργυρούπολη. Αποφοίτησε από την Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών κατόπιν εισαγωγής της με Πανελλήνιες εξετάσεις. Ολοκλήρωσε την ειδικότητά της Μαιευτικής-Γυναικολογίας στην Γ' Πανεπιστημιακή Μαιευτική - Γυναικολογική κλινική του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών στο νοσοκομείο «ΑΤΤΙΚΟΝ». Κατά τη διάρκεια της ειδικότητας της, είχε την ευκαιρία να εκπαιδευτεί σε πληθώρα μαιευτικών περιστατικών και σε όλο το φάσμα των χειρουργικών επεμβάσεων της γυναικολογίας. Μετά τη λήψη του τίτλου ειδικότητας, απέκτησε ειδική εμπειρία στην θεραπεία της υπογονιμότητας και στις τεχνικές υποβοηθούμενης αναπαραγωγής στη Μονάδα Ιατρικώς Υποβοηθούμενης Αναπαραγωγής του Πανεπιστημιακού Νοσοκομείου ΑΤΤΙΚΟΝ. Είναι απόφοιτη του Μεταπτυχιακού Προγράμματος Σπουδών "Παθολογία της Κύησης" με βαθμό "Άριστα" και υποψήφια Διδάκτωρ της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών. Είναι κάτοχος ICOG (Instructors Course in Obstetrics and Gynecology) και εκπαιδεύτρια ALSO (Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics), ενός παγκοσμίου προγράμματος το οποίο, μέσω σεμιναρίων, βοηθά τους επαγγελματίες υγείας στη διαχείριση και αντιμετώπιση μαιευτικών επειγόντων περιστατικών. Eπίσης, είναι ISGE Certified Practitioner in Hormonal Contraception από την International Society of Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology. Αποτελεί μέλος της British Fertility Society (BFS), της International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology (ISGE), της European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), της Ελληνικής εταιρείας Γυναικολογικής Ενδοκρινολογίας και της Ένωσης Μαιευτήρων- Γυναικολόγων Ελλάδος. Διαθέτει πλούσιο επιστημονικό έργο αποτελούμενο από δημοσιεύσεις σε ξένα και ελληνικά επιστημονικά περιοδικά και συμμετοχές ως ομιλήτρια σε διεθνή και ελληνικά συνέδρια. Είναι συνεργάτης της Μονάδας Ιατρικώς Υποβοηθούμενης Αναπαραγωγής ΥΓΕΙΑ IVF EMBΡΥΟΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ και των κλινικών ΜΗΤΕΡΑ, ΡΕΑ, ΛΗΤΩ

Sofia Balamoti is a Gynecologist - Obstetrician - Mastologist and maintains a private practice in the Panormos area (Apollon Tower, 64 Louiza Rianpour Street). She studied Medicine at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and completed her postgraduate studies in "Pathology of Pregnancy" at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. Additionally, she has received specialized training in Breast Surgical Oncology at Frimley Park Hospital in the United Kingdom. She possesses significant clinical experience both in Greece and abroad and collaborates with major clinics and hospitals in Attica. She deals with benign breast conditions such as mastodynia, fibroadenomas, and breast cysts, while also offering comprehensive breast examination aimed at the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, combining the most modern methods of reconstruction following breast surgeries. At the same time, she has experience in managing benign gynecological conditions involving both medical and surgical treatment (uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, adenomyosis, dysmenorrhea, urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse such as uterine, cystocele, rectocele, pelvic inflammations, and chronic pelvic pain). Her practice also provides evaluation of hormonal disorders in reproductive-age women, infertility investigation, common adolescent gynecological issues, as well as the full spectrum of preventive screenings and other gynecological conditions.

Dr. Sidiroglou Ksenia MD, MSc is a Gynecologist - Obstetrician with a private practice in Neo Kosmos. She graduated from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Department of Midwifery at the University of West Attica. She holds a Master of Science degree in Nursing from the University of Alabama, United States. In pursuit of continuous professional development, she has attended numerous postgraduate educational programs both in Greece and abroad. Within her specialty, she has worked at Alexandra General Hospital of Athens and Vostanio General Hospital of Mytilene. She has served as a lecturer in the Obstetrics-Gynecology course for the Nursing School of EPAS General Hospital of Mytilene "Vostanio" for two academic terms and has also been the Lead Physician for Football Clubs, participating in international matches. She has numerous participations in medical conferences, corresponding publications, and presentations, and is a member of the Hellenic Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Hellenic Anthropological Society. With a focus on scientific accuracy and extensive experience, she manages a wide range of cases, always prioritizing the needs of each patient.

Ο Μπούτας Ιωάννης MD, MSc, PhD, MRBS είναι Επίκουρος Καθηγητής Μαιευτικής-Γυναικολογίας και Χειρουργικής Μαστού στην Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Κρήτης. Έλαβε την εξειδίκευση στις Παθήσεις και στην Χειρουργική του Μαστού, στην Πανεπιστημιακή Κλινική του Νοσοκομείου Mainz της Γερμανίας, και διαθέτει ιδιωτικό ιατρείο στους Αμπελόκηπους. Είναι Διδάκτωρ της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Εθνικού & Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, με ειδικό αντικείμενο την θεραπεία του καρκίνου του μαστού, για την οποία έλαβε την υποτροφία αριστείας “Siemens” από το Ίδρυμα Κρατικών Υποτροφιών. Στο πλαίσιο συνεχούς εκπαίδευσης στην αντιμετώπιση ασθενών με καρκίνο του μαστού, έγινε δεκτός για μετεκπαίδευση, στο παγκοσμίου φήμης κέντρο αναφοράς στην χειρουργική του μαστού, στο Πανεπιστημιακό Νοσοκομειο Gustave Roussy στο Παρίσι. Επιπλέον, κατέχει μεταπτυχιακό τίτλο σπουδών (MSc) στην "Έρευνα στην Γυναικεία Αναπαραγωγή". Είναι κάτοχος του Ευρωπαϊκού Μεταπτυχιακού προγράμματος στις ογκοπλαστικές τεχνικές του μαστού "Master's Degree in Surgical Oncology, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Breast Surgery (MRBS)" και έχει λάβει την ειδικότητα της Μαιευτικής - Γυναικολογίας στην Β΄ Πανεπιστημιακή Κλινική του Εθνικού & Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, Νοσοκομείο "Αρεταίειον". Εκπαιδεύτηκε στην Υστεροσκόπηση από τον Καθηγητή Bettocchi, ο οποίος είναι πρωτοπόρος τόσο στην διαγνωστική όσο και στην επεμβατική υστεροσκόπηση. Κατέχει πιστοποίηση στην διενέργεια διαγνωστικής κολποσκόπησης από την Ελληνική Εταιρεία Κολποσκόπησης και Παθολογίας Τραχήλου. Παράλληλα, έχει συμμετάσχει σε πλήθος μετεκπαιδευτικών σεμιναρίων στην Ελλάδα, αλλά και στο εξωτερικό με στόχο τη συνεχή επιμόρφωση στον τομέα του. Είναι διδάσκων στα Μεταπτυχιακά Προγράμματα Σπουδών της Ιατρικής Σχολής ΕΚΠΑ "Παθολογία της Κύησης", "Παθήσεις Μαστού" και "Μητρικός Θηλασμός και Γονεϊκότητα". Έχει λάβει το βραβείο “Γ. Παπανικολάου” για επιστημονική έρευνα στο χώρο της Μαιευτικής και Γυναικολογίας για την περίοδο 2020-2022 καθώς επίσης και το βραβείο καλύτερης επιστημονικής εργασίας στο 17ο Παγκόσμιο Συνέδριο Γυναικολογικής Ενδοκρινολογίας, 2016. Τέλος, καταμετρά πολυάριθμες ανακοινώσεις σε ελληνικά και διεθνή συνέδρια, με μεγάλο αριθμό δημοσιεύσεων σε διεθνή περιοδικά με υψηλό δείκτη απήχησης. Επίσης, είναι μέλος σε Ελληνικές και διεθνείς επιστημονικές εταιρείες. Ο γιατρός συνεργάζεται με τις Μαιευτικές Κλινικές Ιασώ, Ρέα και Μητέρα καθώς και με το Ευγενίδειο Νοσοκομείο.

Ο Θεόδωρος Λιακάκος είναι Μαιευτήρας Χειρουργός Γυναικολόγος – Μαστολόγος με αναγνωρισμένα μεγάλη εμπειρία στην παρακολούθηση κυήσεων και κατέχει τη θέση του συντονιστή στην επιτροπή κύησης υψηλού κινδύνου του νοσοκομείου Υγεία - Μητέρα μαιευτική κλινική. Σπούδασε στην Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών. Η ειδίκευσή του στη Μαιευτική-Γυναικολογία πραγματοποιήθηκε στο Πανεπιστημιακό Νοσοκομείο HU Erasme του πανεπιστημίου των Βρυξελλών (ULB) ένα από τα σημαντικότερα ευρωπαϊκά κέντρα για κυήσεις υψηλού κινδύνου με τα χαμηλότερα ποσοστά καισαρικών τομών στην Ευρώπη, ακόμα και σε πολύ δύσκολα περιστατικά, το οποίο δίνει ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη φυσική πορεία της κύησης και του τοκετού. Ο Δρ. Λιακάκος χαρακτηρίζεται από μεγάλη εμπειρία και πλούσιο χειρουργικό έργο γιατί παράλληλα με την ιδιωτική του πρακτική κατείχε επί 15 έτη, ως αξιωματικός ιατρός, τη θέση του επιμελητή στη Γυναικολογική Κλινική του Ναυτικού Νοσοκομείου Αθηνών, ενώ διετέλεσε και διευθυντής της Γυναικολογικής Κλινικής του Ιατρικού Κέντρου Αθηνών.Έχει τιμηθεί με τον τίτλο του αριστούχου Διδάκτορα της Ιατρικής Σχολής του ΕΚΠΑ και είναι Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Μαιευτικής Γυναικολογίας στο European University of Cyprus (EUC). Είναι πιστοποιημένος υπερηχογραφιστής από το ΚΕΣΥ και κάτοχος εξειδίκευσης στην κολποσκόπηση και την παθολογία τραχήλου από το Πανεπιστήμιο της Lille στη Γαλλία. Είναι μετεκπαιδευθείς στη σύγχρονη υπερηχογραφία και στην παρακολούθηση πολύπλοκων κυήσεων στα Πανεπιστημιακά Νοσοκομεία HU Erasme και St Luc του καθολικού Πανεπιστημίου του Louvain (UCL), ενώ εξειδικεύτηκε στην ενδοσκοπική χειρουργική (λαπαροσκόπηση και υστεροσκόπηση) και στην αντιμετώπιση της ενδομητρίωσης. Σκοπός αυτών των ελάχιστα επεμβατικών λύσεων είναι η μέγιστη αποτελεσματικότητα, η ταχύτερη ανάρρωση και μικρότερη δυνατή ταλαιπωρία για τις γυναίκες.Το ενδιαφέρον του για την παθολογία του μαστού τον οδήγησε σε μακρά θητεία ως επιμελητής στην πανεπιστημιακή κλινική του νοσοκομείου CHU BRUGMANN των Βρυξελλών, με την ιδιότητα του επιμελητή μαστολόγου - χειρουργού γυναικολόγου.Ως τακτικό μέλος της κλινικής καθώς και του ογκολογικού της συμβουλίου, ασχολήθηκε με τις σύγχρονες τεχνικές όπως ο φρουρός λεμφαδένας και οι διαδερμικές μικροβιοψίες.Επί σειρά ετών υπήρξε μέλος του Δ.Σ. στην Ελληνική Εταιρεία Μαστολογίας.Ο ιατρός Θεόδωρος Λιακάκος είναι συγγραφέας πλήθους επιστημονικών δημοσιεύσεων σε ελληνικά και διεθνή περιοδικά μαιευτικής-γυναικολογίας. Επίσης είναι συγγραφέας βιβλίων με έμφαση στην κύηση υψηλού κινδύνου και τη μονοχοριακή δίδυμο κύηση και τις επιπλοκές της.Ο Δρ. Λιακάκος διατηρεί ιδιωτικά ιατρεία στο Κολωνάκι και στον Κορυδαλλό και συνεχίζει να βρίσκεται πάντα δίπλα στη γυναίκα με επιστημονική επάρκεια και ήθος.

Dr. Spiliopoulos Dimitrios is an Obstetrician - Gynecologic Surgeon with extensive experience and specialization in Prenatal Screening, Fetal Medicine, and the management of high-risk pregnancies. He is a member of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF), directed by Prof. Kypros Nicolaides, and holds certifications for performing all fetal ultrasounds and intrauterine procedures. He graduated from the Medical School of Bologna, Italy, in 2000. After obtaining his specialty in Obstetrics and Gynecology, he worked as Director of Obstetrics/Gynecology at the Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom, where he specialized in Fetal Medicine and the management of high-risk pregnancies, with official certification from the British Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), of which he is also an official fellow. His specialization includes the prenatal diagnosis of congenital fetal anomalies, performing nuchal translucency pregnancy ultrasounds, level II and Doppler scans, as well as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling procedures. He is an active member of the Fetal Medicine department at MITERA and REA Maternity Hospitals, where he works as a specialist in Maternal-Fetal Medicine. At his clinic, all specialized examinations (nuchal translucency pregnancy ultrasounds, level II and Doppler scans, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling procedures) concerning the health of the fetus and the expectant mother are conducted, along with comprehensive pregnancy monitoring. Additionally, he performs hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography, a state-of-the-art, painless method to assess fallopian tube patency, useful for infertile couples. Dr. Spiliopoulos has a rich research and publication record, with over 20 international scientific presentations and lectures and 11 publications in reputable international scientific journals. He has authored four international medical books focused on fetal ultrasound and gynecological ultrasound.

Ms. Aleksandridi Viktoria is an Obstetrician and Gynecological Surgeon and maintains her private practice in Kallithea. She holds a Medical Degree from the State Medical Academy of Russia, and in 2008, her degree was recognized by the Hellenic National Academic Recognition and Information Center (DOATAP). She specialized in General Surgery at the Penteli General Children's Hospital and in Obstetrics and Gynecology at "Elena Venizelou" Hospital. She has worked as a General Practitioner at the Ionio Therapeutic Center Ltd. As part of her continuous professional development, she has attended numerous training programs, conferences, and symposiums, and she is a member of the Athens Medical Association.

Georgogiannis Nikolaos is a Gynecologist - Obstetrician MD, MSc, PhD, and maintains a private practice in Piraeus. He holds a Doctorate from the University of Athens, with a postgraduate degree in infertility and female reproduction, and a Medical degree from the same University. He specialized in Obstetrics and Gynecology at the General State Hospital of Nikaia and at Aretaieio Hospital, followed by further training in human reproduction in the United Kingdom. Additionally, he holds certifications in diagnostic and interventional colposcopy, gynecological and obstetric ultrasonography, as well as laparoscopic surgery. Concurrently, he is affiliated with the maternity hospitals "Rhea," "Leto," and "Iaso," and has also worked as a Registrar Gynecologist in Brighton, England. Furthermore, he is a founding member of the Hellenic Society of Obstetric and Gynecological Emergency and a member of numerous associations and societies related to Gynecology and Obstetrics both in Greece and Europe. His clinic offers modern and fully equipped facilities, along with a range of essential gynecological services such as Pap tests, transvaginal ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries, comprehensive gynecological check-ups, colposcopy, infertility evaluation, and breast examination.

Ioannidou Pinelopi MD, MSc, PhD is a Specialist Obstetrician - Gynecological Surgeon, Doctor of the Medical School of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, and maintains a private practice in Kalamaria, Thessaloniki. She graduated (MD) from the Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 2014. Subsequently, she specialized in Obstetrics and Gynecology at the General Hospital of Edessa and at the 1st Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki at the General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Papageorgiou." She holds a Master's Degree in Research in Female Reproduction from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. From 2019 to 2025, she conducted her Doctoral Thesis (PhD) in Assisted Reproduction at the Assisted Reproduction Unit of the 1st Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the Medical School at the General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Papageorgiou." Finally, the doctor specializes in Medically Assisted Reproduction at the Assisted Reproduction Unit of the 1st Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the Medical School of Aristotle University at the General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Papageorgiou," which is recognized as a training center in Reproductive Medicine by ESHRE and the European Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Dr. Lampos Georgios is an Obstetrician - Gynecologic Surgeon - Specialist in Assisted Reproduction and maintains private practices in Peristeri and Dafni, Attica. He holds a PhD from the Medical School of the University of Athens, with a research focus on Gynecological Endocrinology, and collaborates with the "Genesis" In Vitro Fertilization Unit. He has specialized in Infertility, Assisted Reproduction, and Human Reproductive Endocrinology in Paris and participated in the operation of the In Vitro Fertilization Unit at Foch University Hospital. He has worked as a Fertility Consultant at the Repromed Fertility Clinic in Dublin. Additionally, he holds a Master's degree in Pregnancy Pathology. Furthermore, he has served as a Scientific Collaborator at the Gynecological Endocrinology, Reproduction, and Menopause Unit at "Attikon" Hospital, as well as at the Assisted Reproduction Unit at "Aretaieion" Hospital. He has trained at the Specialized Laparoscopic Surgery Unit of Pederzolli Hospital in Verona. He has worked at the University Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH) in Alexandroupolis. Moreover, he has served as a Consultant at the IASO, LETO, and REA Maternity Hospitals. He is a certified Trainer, in Greece and Cyprus, of the "ALSO Obstetric Emergencies" seminar, under the aegis of the Second Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the University of Athens. Finally, he has delivered numerous lectures in Greece and abroad on obstetrics, gynecology, and human reproduction, and has been awarded the SALUS Honorary Distinction of Excellence in Health for "Best Practice in Medicine 2019".

Kanousi Xrysa is a Gynecologist - Obstetrician who maintains private practices in Nafplio and Ilisia. She studied Medicine at the Universita Statale di Milano, graduating with honors. She completed her diploma thesis at the University of Milan, where she also worked in hospitals in Lombardy as part of her practical training. She completed her rural medical service at the Prefectural Hospital of Kos Island. She specialized as an Obstetrician - Surgeon - Gynecologist at the General Hospital "LAIKO" as well as at the General Maternity Hospital "ELENA VENIZELOU - ALEXANDRA," where she also served as a registrar. She was a Postgraduate Fellow at the "HYGEIA" Medical Center, in collaboration with HARVARD MEDICAL INTERNATIONAL. She served as the Chief Medical Officer for Doping Control at the Olympic Games (ATHENS 2004). She has worked for the largest Medical Groups in the country, including HYGEIA, LETO, and IASO, where she is a Scientific Collaborator and has held positions of responsibility in recent years. Additionally, she has authored and presented numerous papers at medical conferences and participated in a wide range of scientific seminars specializing in Obstetrics. Since 1998, she has been a member of ISA (Athens Medical Association), a member of the Medical Association of Argolis, and the Hellenic Obstetric and Gynecological Society (EMGE). Finally, Dr. Kanousi focuses on pregnancy monitoring and high-risk pregnancies, recurrent miscarriages, infertility, ovulation cycle, menstrual disorders, gynecological endocrinology, fibroids, cervical pathology, breast examination, obstetric and gynecological ultrasound, menopause, Pap Test, Thin Prep Pap Test, and performs open, endoscopic, and laparoscopic surgery, colposcopy, vaginal and vulvar plastic surgery, dryness treatment, and vaginal rejuvenation.

Dr. Euthymiou Dorothea is a Gynecologist - Obstetrician and has maintained a private practice since 2010 in Neo Iraklio. She graduated from the Medical School of the University of Ioannina and completed her specialty training at the Piraeus Anticancer Hospital "Metaxa" and at the General Hospital of Athens "Alexandra." She completed obstetrics practical training at the Obstetrics Clinic of Humboldt University in Berlin. She holds certification and a license to perform obstetric and gynecological ultrasound. She is currently attending and participating in the postgraduate program on Infertility - In Vitro Fertilization at the Gynecological Clinic of the University Hospital of Athens "Aretaieion" (Professor N. Vlachos). In her private practice, she provides specialized gynecological and obstetric services (gynecological ultrasound - colposcopy - HPV testing - liquid-based cytology - Pap smear - cervical cultures - breast examination - obstetric ultrasound - pregnancy monitoring - high-risk pregnancies - maternal breastfeeding - osteoporosis screening - adolescent gynecology). She is involved in diagnostic and surgical colposcopy as well as diagnostic and surgical hysteroscopy. Her clinic is fully equipped with state-of-the-art technology. Finally, Dr. Euthymiou has attended numerous seminars and conferences in Greece and abroad and collaborates with the IASO Maternity Hospital.

Dr. Sykoutris Euaggelos is a Gynecologist - Obstetrician who maintains a private practice in Alimos, while also serving as a collaborator at the Obstetrics Clinic "Gaia." He is a graduate of the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, specialized in Obstetrics and Gynecology at the General Hospital of Athens "Alexandra," and received advanced ultrasound training in the United Kingdom. The clinic offers a wide range of medical services including Pap tests, colposcopy, transvaginal ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries, 3D-4D imaging of obstetric and gynecological ultrasounds, monitoring of high-risk pregnancies, monitoring of multiple pregnancies, monitoring of pregnancies with fetal growth restriction, management of amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovary syndrome, monitoring of menopausal women, management of metrorrhagia, sperm inseminations, diagnosis and monitoring of women with HPV infections, and therapeutic intervention with LOOP laser for CIN I, II, and III lesions.